We propose a simulation study in order to evaluate the effects of concentration polarization damping by splitting a single spiral-wound membrane module in two units connected in series inside the same shell. The reverse osmosis process in each unit is described by the advection-diffusion equation in two dimensions which is solved by a finite difference technique. Several feed regimes and operat...

The present paper is a continuation of the series entitled "Equilibria in systems, in which the phases are separated by a semipermeable membrane," which have appeared in the proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam, Holland). In this paper I shall discuss in a simple form some of these results, viz. the osmosis of ternary liquids. The reader can find the thermodynami...

The shrinking water supply together with our continuously increasing demand for this resource has stimulated a renewed interest in reverse osmosis (RO) as a water treatment unit process. A wider use of RO membranes, however, is impeded by a group of phenomena that lead to permeate flux decline, deterioration of permeate water quality, shortening of membrane life, and thus to a substantial incre...

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have been widely applied in seawater desalination (SWRO) and wastewater reclamation as the main desalination technology since 2000. SWRO plants face challenges to reduce energy consumption and brine disposal to lessen marine pollution. To tackle these challenges, a SWRO-PRO (Pressure Retarded Osmosis) System was proposed in the “Mega-ton Water System” project unde...

The conversion of saltwater and brackish water into fresh through desalination has gained significant importance as a solution to the worldwide scarcity resources. Reverse Osmosis (RO) method been effectively utilized generate from sources water. This research aims examine variables that affect performance reverse osmosis process. effectiveness membrane was assessed experiments explored impact ...

When hydrostatic pressure across epithelia fixed between a Ussing-type chamber was oscillated mechanically, the membrane potential was found to oscillate synchronously. When the transepithelial potential was oscillated artificially, the hydrostatic pressure difference also oscillated synchronously. Under such oscillating gradient conditions, concentration changes in the unstirred layer can be m...