Silica scaling is one of the major challenges in Reverse Osmosis (RO). The safe operation practice to keep silica concentration below 150 mg/L RO concentrate. This study addresses effects divalent cations such as calcium and magnesium on a seawater installation used pretreatment Eutectic Freeze Crystallisation (EFC). Results showed that absence antiscalant sustained approximately 280 concentrat...

Vacuum-enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (VEDCMD) and forward osmosis (FO) were investigated for water recovery enhancement in desalination of brackish water. Past studies have demonstrated that both VEDCMD and FO can be effectively utilized in the treatment of a wide range of highly concentrated feed solutions. In the current study, two reverse osmosis (RO) brine streams with total...

The nutrient-rich liquid stream produced during the dewatering of digested biomass (i.e., the centrate) is commonly mixed with the influent raw wastewater at wastewater treatment facilities. This increases the nitrogen and phosphorus loading on biological processes, increases operating costs, and in some cases, results in increased nutrient concentrations in the final effluent. Forward osmosis ...