The article analyzes an open letter of appeal to the Sheikh-al-Islam Ottoman Empire, which was delivered on pages one publications by outstanding public figure Russian Muslims, Ismail Gasprinsky. In letter, author acts as a bright educator, harshly criticizes intellectual and spiritual state Muslim society, offers his own ways solve pressing problems, future Islamic world depends. transliterati...

This study examines the long-standing hostile and distrustful relations between Ethiopia Ottoman Empire. The Ethio-Ottoman antagonistic relation was not coincident; somewhat, interest of to supervise political, economic, religious life Red Sea Northeast Africa regions primarily stemmed hostility. presence Portuguese in Red-Sea region its subsequent alignment with further worsened belligerency. ...

The article considers the directions of mutual influence shipbuilding traditions in Black Sea basin and area European frontier 16th - 18th centuries, process evolution specific forms. is based on written evidence 17th research results documents Ottoman Empire, archival printed history Russian fleet century, archeological data, reference books Age Sail. It proved that as a result influence, Empi...

This paper, by focusing on a secret report delivered the Ottoman High Commissioner in Egypt—Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha—to imperial center regarding Armenian revolutionaries’ movements, aims to examine three important phenomena of late history. The first goal is reveal revolutionary mobilities Empire tracking how said revolutionaries took advantage borderlands mobilize themselves. Second, this part...

After the establishment of border with Habsburg Empire, defense Ottoman Empire along Danube and Sava rivers necessitated new mechanisms. This study presents a structuralist attempt to systematize incoherent military organization at in various provinces; define structure, means, forms administration; and, most importantly, trace changes throughout 18th century. The frontier was divided into sepa...

An active policy exercised by Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great of Russia) in East coincided with decline and fall Safavid Empire. The goal this article is to show Russian ambitions Caspian region 20–40s 18th century during reign Peter who wanted Russia gain full control over silk trade. This investigates methods used increase Russia’s influence region. historical sources discover reveal ...

in the war between ottomans and safavids dynasty, two thirds of kurdistan area was separated from iran, and joined the ottoman territories. the ottoman empire was defeated in world war i and kurdistan was divided among turkey, iraq, syria, and a small part joined the soviet russia, i.e. armenia, azerbaijan, and georgia. concerning the kurdish governments which were established in iran being led...

Abstract After the 1877–78 Russo-Ottoman War, Ottoman Empire saw rise of ethnic and sectarian clashes in Anatolia, Balkans, elsewhere, task explaining that remains unfinished. Many have examined intellectual formations solidarities after 1878, but availability new ideas cannot alone account for their widespread uptake. Why 1878 did ordinary people respond more to calls upon solidarity? Drawing ...