Immunity to meningococci was determined in infected and uninfected students before and during an outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal infection at a university in the United Kingdom. No immunity against the outbreak strain was detected in serum taken from infected students prior to the outbreak or at the time of admission; bactericidal activity developed during convalescence. Carriage of all s...

In Argentina, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection is common in dairy herds. The country currently has a National Voluntary Control Programme but relatively few farms have enrolled. However, there is increased interest from authorities and farmers to implement regional compulsory programmes but there is scarce quantitative information of the transmission of BLV in cattle herds. This informati...

Outbreak data and case–control studies have linked some serotypes to certain foods or exposures. Information obtained during outbreak investigation is a key tool in understanding which foods are common sources of pathogens contributing to foodborne infections. During outbreak investigations, illnesses can be linked to a particular food by using epidemiologic or laboratory evidence. We analyzed ...

A localized outbreak of cholera, especially when occurring outside 4 the endemic urea,'* as in the outbreak now reported,should afford more favorable opportunities for profitable enquiry than the ordinary epidemics occurring in the plains?in that the conditions presented are of a somewhat simpler character. And as the circumstances of this particular outbreak were rather rigorously enquired int...

3. Using cross-correlation networks to identify and visualize patterns in disease transmission T-C Lu and N Abernethy 5. Methodology for prediction of outbreaks of diseases of military importance 7. Analytic disease surveillance methodology based on emulation of experienced human monitors H Burkom, JS Coberly, and SL Lewis 8. Forecasting high-priority surveillance regions: a socioeconomic model...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Transmission of dengue virus depends on the presence of Aedes mosquito. Mosquito generation and development is known to be influenced by the climate. This study was carried out to examine whether the climatic factors data can be used to predict yearly dengue cases of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. METHODS Monthly reported dengue cases and climate data for the years 2000-2008 ...

BACKGROUND The majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic (transmissible between animals and humans) in origin, and therefore integrated surveillance of disease events in humans and animals has been recommended to support effective global response to disease emergence. While in the past decade there has been extensive global surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) i...

In this study, we report a whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based evolutionary approach to study the epidemiology of a multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Montevideo. This outbreak included 272 cases that occurred in 44 states between July 2009 and April 2010. A case-control study linked the consumption of salami made with contaminated black and r...

A large scale study was conducted to elucidate the true relationship among entomological, epidemiological and environmental factors that contributed to dengue outbreak in Malaysia. Two large areas (Selayang and Bandar Baru Bangi) were selected in this study based on five consecutive years of high dengue cases. Entomological data were collected using ovitraps where the number of larvae was used ...

A common source of bias in evaluating vaccine efficacy following a disease outbreak is the presence of persons who had the disease prior to the outbreak. This paper examines the effects of including and excluding pre-outbreak disease cases from the calculation of vaccine efficacy based on the cumulative incidence at the end of an outbreak. Using a five-stage model, the effects of the following ...