INTRODUCTION Growing evidence suggests that close contact with nature brings benefits to human health and well-being, but the proposed mechanisms are still not well understood and the associations with health remain uncertain. The Positive Health Effects of the Natural Outdoor environment in Typical Populations in different regions in Europe (PHENOTYPE) project investigates the interconnections...

Trees and shrubs, as a part of the green infrastructure, are important for well-being urban dwellers. This research aims to study eco-efficiency trees on outdoor thermal comfort, defined by ratio change in physiological equivalent temperature (PET) trees’ cost. Field data were collected compared with station calibrate create base case model. After model was created, researchers created scenario...

In 2020, nation states across Europe restricted access to, and use of, public space to prevent the spread of COVID-19. As almost all spaces in were consequently affected by restrictive measures, so too did outdoor retail markets drastically change. Some had close down completely, whereas others operated under sway severe limitations for traders customers. By re-engaging with work late Michael S...

Westernization has propelled changes in urbanization and architecture, altering our exposure to the outdoor environment from that experienced during most of human evolution. These changes might affect the developmental exposure of infants to bacteria, immune development, and human microbiome diversity. Contemporary urban humans spend most of their time indoors, and little is known about the mic...