The embryonic outflow tract is a simple tubular structure that connects the single primitive ventricle with the aortic sac and aortic arch arteries. This structure undergoes a complex sequence of morphogenetic processes to become the portion of the heart that aligns the right and left ventricles with the pulmonary artery and aorta. Abnormalities of the outflow tract are involved in many clinica...

PURPOSE To determine in normotensive cynomolgus monkeys, the effects of topical 8-iso prostaglandin (PG)E(2) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor formation (AHF), uveoscleral outflow (Fu), and total and trabecular outflow facility. METHODS IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry under ketamine anesthesia after single or twice-daily topical treatments with 8-iso PGE(2). With...

The roles of posterior bulging of the interventricular septum (septal bulge) and of systolic septal mitral apposition in patients with simple transposition of the great arteries are not known. Cross sectional echocardiograms of 40 such patients were reviewed (after exclusion of those with fixed left ventricular outflow tract obstruction) and haemodynamic findings were compared with long and sho...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The autonomic nervous system maintains constant cerebral venous blood outflow in changing positions. Alterations in cerebral autoregulation can be revealed by postural changes at quantitative color Doppler sonography. The aim of this study was to reach an optimal cutoff value of the difference between the cerebral venous blood outflow in the supine and seated positions th...

We present 86.8 GHz SiO J=2-1 observations of the molecular outflow from the protostellar source NGC 1333 IRAS 2A. Silicon monoxide is a sensitive tracer of shocks in molecular gas, and the emission clearly traces terminal bow-shocks at the ends of the outflow lobes, as well as emission knots and a source coincident with the protostar. Our three-field mosaic from the BIMA interferometer covers ...

The morphology, kinematics and entrainment mechanism of the HH 46/47 molecular outflow were studied using new ALMA Cycle 0 observations. Results show that the blue and red lobes are strikingly different. We argue that these differences are partly due to contrasting ambient densities that result in different wind components having a distinct effect on the entrained gas in each lobe. A 29-point m...

Long-term data provide a basis for understanding natural variability, reducing uncertainty in model inputs and parameter estimation, and developing new hypotheses. This article evaluates 21 years (1988-2008) of hydrologic data and 17 years (1988-2005) of water quality data from a drained pine plantation in eastern North Carolina. The plantation age was 14 years at the beginning of the investiga...

It is now well established that there are two fundamentally distinct types of obstruction to left ventricular outflow, the first resulting from a discrete, fixed narrowing at a valvular, supravalvular, or subvalvular level, and the second being produced by muscular hypertrophy in the left ventricular outflow tract. A number of designations, including obstructive cardiomyopathy (Goodwin et al., ...

OBJECTIVE Midterm follow-up is analyzed after the aortic translocation (Nikaidoh) procedure, an alternative to the Rastelli procedure for ventriculoarterial discordance, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis. METHODS Nineteen patients underwent a Nikaidoh procedure at a median age of 3.3 years (0.9-9.3 years). The native aortic valve was translocated from the right to the left ven...

PURPOSE In vivo, biomechanical stress plays an important role in tissue physiology and pathology, affecting cell and tissue behavior. Even though conventional outflow tissues are constantly exposed to dynamic changes in intraocular pressure, effects of such biomechanical stressors on outflow function have not been analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect(s) of ocul...