BACKGROUND Ten million Americans enter jails annually. The objective was to evaluate new CDC guidelines for routine opt-out HIV testing and examine the optimal time to implement routine opt-out HIV testing among newly incarcerated jail detainees. METHODS This prospective, controlled trial of routine opt-out HIV testing was conducted among 323 newly incarcerated female inmates in Connecticut's...

BACKGROUND Approximately 10 million Americans enter jails annually. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention now recommends routine opt-out HIV testing in these settings. The logistics for performing routine opt-out HIV testing within jails, however, remain controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal time to routinely HIV test newly incarcerated jail detainees u...

Abstract Finding out which teaching strategies best support students learning is a key objective of educational research. Knowing this, this study investigated the comparative effects consciousness-raising (CR) tasks and dynamic assessment (DA) on morphological awareness in an Afghani EFL context. To achieve 90 grade 11 learners from three intact classes were selected through convenience sampli...

Using technology in the classroom context can be an effective way to learn a foreign or second language. Vocabulary is considered one of important skills for identifying learner's performance various academic and non-academic contexts. The present paper investigated effect text messaging on learners' lexical knowledge vocabulary size by using mobile learning ( m-learning). After administration ...

We study default e ects in the context of a residential electricity pricing program. We implement a large-scale randomized controlled trial in which one treatment group is given the option to opt-in to time-based pricing while another is defaulted into the program but allowed to opt-out. We provide dramatic evidence of a default e ect – a signi cantly higher fraction of households defaulted ont...

We report on the recording of stabilized running holograms in photorefractive materials with arbitrarily selected phase shift φ between the transmitted and difracted beams propagating along the same direction behind the photorefractive crystal. The dependence of the diffraction efficiency and of the hologram speed on φ , in such stabilized holograms, can be easily measured and used for material...

In this thesis I present a new algorithm OPT for matrix inversion that builds on a matrix multiplication subroutine. It is combined of Strassen’s matrix inversion algorithm and Newton approximation. OPT overcomes the linear lower bound in parallel runtime of Strassen’s inversion algorithm and traditional Gaussian elimination without the log-factor more work of Newton approximation. In particula...