The changes in the oxidation state of the leucocyte enzyme myeloperoxidase, induced by buffer and thiols, were studied with visible-light-absorption spectroscopy. It was concluded that phosphate buffer contains small amounts of H2O2 and that thiols, when added to buffer, induce the generation of minute amounts of superoxide radical anion. These minute amounts of reduced oxygen species are sugge...

BACKGROUND Acidithiobacillus caldus (A. caldus) is widely used in bio-leaching. It gains energy and electrons from oxidation of elemental sulfur and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) for carbon dioxide fixation and growth. Genomic analyses suggest that its sulfur oxidation system involves a truncated sulfur oxidation (Sox) system (omitting SoxCD), non-Sox sulfur oxidation system simila...

8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), an important biomarker of DNA damage in oxidatively generated stress, is highly reactive towards further oxidation. Much work has been carried out to investigate the oxidation products of 8-oxoGua by one-electron oxidants, singlet oxygen, and peroxynitrite. This report details for the first time, the iron- and copper-mediated Fenton oxidation of 8-oxoGua and...

Why is it that different organisms do so many different things with sulfur?  Sulfur exists in many different oxidation states  Reduced sulfur is required for many biomolecules  Sulfur forms can serve as an electron sources or as electron acceptors  Oxidation states of sulfur  Sulfur assimilation in bacteria and yeasts  Sulfur-containing biomolecules  Sulfide Oxidation  Sulfate Reduction...

The regulation of fatty acid oxidation in isolated myocytes was examined by manipulating mitochondrial acetyl-CoA levels produced by carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation. L-carnitine had no effect on the oxidation of [U-14C]glucose, but stimulated oxidation of [1-14C]palmitate in a concentration-dependent manner. L-carnitine (5 mM) increased palmitate oxidation by 37%. The phosphodiesterase in...

Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. In many forms of heart disease, including heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathies, changes in cardiac mitochondrial energy metabolism contribute to contractile dysfunction and to a decrease in cardiac efficiency. Specific metabolic changes include a relative increase in cardiac fatty acid oxidation rates and an un...

The oxidation state is the simplest attribute of an element in a compound. It is taught early in the chemistry curriculum as a convenient electron-counting scheme for redox reactions. Its applications range from descriptive chemistry of elements to nomenclature and electrochemistry, or as an independent variable in plots and databases of bonded-atom properties (such as radius, bond-valence para...