© 1997 Journals of Reproduction and Fertility 1359-6004/97 $10.00 Early in this century, Sir Henry Dale reported that a substance in posterior pituitary extracts induced uterine contractions (Dale, 1909). In 1953, du Vigneaud and his colleagues published the sequence of this ‘oxytocic’ substance, demonstrating a nine amino acid peptide with a disulfide bond creating a ring structure (du Vigneau...