STUDY QUESTION What is the effect of glucose ingestion on leukocytic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in normal-weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with and without excess abdominal adiposity (AA)? SUMMARY ANSWER Normal-weight women with PCOS exhibit an increase in leukocytic ROS generation in response to glucose ingestion, and this increase is independent of excess AA....

Protein kinase C (PKC) stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidases (Nox) is an important component of multiple vascular disease processes; however, the relationship between oxidase activation and the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction by PKC remains poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the signaling cascade of PKC-elicited Nox activation and the role of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide i...

BACKGROUND Status epilepticus (SE) is an acute, prolonged epileptic crisis with a mortality rate of 20-30%; the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. We assessed the hypothesis that brain stem cardiovascular dysregulation occurs during SE because of oxidative stress in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key nucleus of the baroreflex loop; to be ameliorated by brain-derived neu...

24 This study was undertaken to establish the role of NADPH oxidase (Nox) in impaired vascular 25 compensation to arterial occlusion that occurs in the presence of risk factors associated with 26 oxidative stress. Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice characterized by multiple comorbidities 27 including diabetes and hyperlipidemia were utilized as a preclinical model. Arterial occlusion 28 was induced ...

Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is the result of the assembly of a membrane-localized flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) with the cytosolic components p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac. Activation can be reproduced in an in vitro system in which cytochrome b(559)-containing membranes are mixed with cytosolic components in the presence of an anio...

Activation of conventional PKCs (cPKC) is a key signaling that directs the cardiac toxicity of hyperglycemia. AKAP150, a scaffold protein of the A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) family, is less defined regarding its capability to anchor and regulate cardiac cPKC signaling. This study was designed to investigate the role of AKAP150 in cPKC-mediated cardiac glucotoxicity. In cardiac tissues fr...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that predominantly invades mononuclear phagocytes and is able to establish persistent infections. One of the innate defense mechanisms of phagocytic cells is the production of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium has evolved mechanisms to resist such radicals,...

Protein kinase C can activate NADPH oxidase and induce glutathionylation of the β1-Na(+)-K(+) pump subunit, inhibiting activity of the catalytic α-subunit. To examine if signaling of nitric oxide-induced soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/cGMP/protein kinase G can cause Na(+)-K(+) pump stimulation by counteracting PKC/NADPH oxidase-dependent inhibition, cardiac myocytes were exposed to ANG II to ac...

Sex differences may play a significant role in determining the risk of hypertension. Bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are involved in the tonic regulation of arterial pressure and participate in the central mechanisms of hypertension. Angiotensin II (ANG II) acting on angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptors in RVLM neurons is implicated in the development of hyperten...