Worldwide, cervical carcinoma is one of the most common gynecologic malignant tumors and a leading cause of death from genital malignancies in women. Although, pap smear as a screening method has the potential to identify pre-cancerous lesions and could massively reduce the invasive disease in developed countries, developing countries could not significantly lower the rate of cervical cancer am...

Despite its history of success in cancer screening, Pap cytology has important limitations, particularly its high false-negative rate, which carries important public health implications. Since the mid-1990s, there has been substantial interest in the use of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing in cervical cancer screening under the premise that the testing of cervical cells for the causative ...

Cervical cancer, the third commonest cancer in women worldwide, can be prevented through early detection by cervical screening (Pap smear). The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and practice of cervical cancer screening among female undergraduate university students from 25 low, middle income and emerging economy countries. Using anonymous questionnaires, data were collected fr...

BACKGROUND Young and unmarried women have not been a target group for cervical cancer prevention in Korea. No previous studies have investigated the awareness of Pap testing, the intention to undergo Pap testing, or the factors associated with that intention, in this group of women. This information would be useful for an expansion in the focus of primary cervical cancer prevention. This study ...

In February and March 1998 I conducted a survey about Papanicolaou smear screening at the Burnaby Correctional Centre for Women (BCCW). At the time of the nursing intake interview, the admitting nurse asked every inmate being admitted to participate. Inmates who agreed to participate completed an anonymous written survey. Of the 136 inmates asked to participate, 100 (74%) completed the survey. ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the coverage and focus of cervical cancer screening (Pap smears) in a population-based sample in Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional cluster survey covering 1730 women aged 20 years or older with a history of sexual activity. Information was collected on social, demographic and behavioral variables, knowledge of and use of the Pap test. RESULTS Of women aged 25-59 years, ...

Improved understanding of the natural history of cervical cancer has led to changes in screening recommendations, including the addition of the human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as an option in routine screening. Most studies of screening trends have used national self-reported survey data. To better understand recent trends in cervical cancer screening, including cytology (Papanicolaou, or Pa...

OBJECTIVE To determine the factors that increase the chances of a woman in Accra having a Pap smear and whether women who have recently visited clinics have higher chances of having had Pap smears. DESIGN A cross-sectional study METHODS A representative sample of women in Accra, Ghana was interviewed and the clinical and demographic factors influencing cervical cancer screening was assessed...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) versus conventional Pap smear as a screening tool for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia/cancer among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 HIV-infected women attending the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital HIV clinic in Eldoret underwent conventi...

OBJECTIVE Despite extensive efforts to raise awareness, Papanicolaou (Pap) testing rates among Chinese women living in North America remain low compared with Euro-American women. Although the lower Pap testing rate and ensuing health repercussions among Chinese women are well characterized, mechanisms underlying such health disparities are not. The aim of this study was to use a qualitative app...