Noise impacts resources and visitor experience in many protected natural areas, and visitors can be the dominant source of noise. This experimental study tested the efficacy and acceptability of signs asking visitors to be quiet at Muir Woods National Monument, California. Signs declaring a "quiet zone" (at the park's Cathedral Grove) or a "quiet day" (throughout the park) were posted on a rand...

Wood is not under all circumstances an appropriate building material. Beside others, structural properties and biological durability determine the limits for the use of wood. Until recently, the only industrial applied method to improve the durability of wood was impregnating with toxic wood preservatives. Although much progress has been made in improving the fixation of preservatives (i.e. emi...

Didecyl polyoxyethyl ammonium borate (DPAB), also known as Polymeric Betaine, was developed as a co-biocide for chromium-free copper based wood preservatives in Europe in the 1980’s. DPAB as a wood preservative has been reported previously. This paper summarizes the chemical, physical, and biological properties of DPAB.

Background The fast growth and good wood properties of Eucalyptus tree species and hybrids make them excellent renewable sources of fiber for pulp and paper production, and woody biomass for bioenergy production. Our research is aimed at understanding the genetic regulation of wood formation in eucalypts, with a focus on transcriptomes, regulatory sequences and gene families involved in seconda...

We show that for any free Araki-Woods factor M = Γ(HR, Ut) ′′ of type III1, the bicentralizer of the free quasi-free state φU is trivial. Using Haagerup’s Theorem, it follows that there always exists a faithful normal state ψ on M such that (M) ∩M = C.

Article history: Received 25 August 2008 Received in revised form 17 October 2008 Accepted 21 October 2008 Available online 17 November 2008