Although some investigators are dubious of a direct connection between the dorsal root fibers and the motoneurons in frog spinal cord21), evidences for the monosynaptic connection between them have recently been presented by ARAKI3), BROOKHART and FADIGA7)and FADIGA and BROOKHART16) with toad's and frog's spinal cord. In their experiments a single orthodromic stimulus delivered to a dorsal root...

Spinal cord modularity impacts on our understanding of reflexes, development, descending systems in normal motor control, and recovery from injury. We used independent component analysis and best-basis or matching pursuit wavepacket analysis to extract the composition and temporal structure of bursts in hindlimb muscles of frogs. These techniques make minimal a priori assumptions about drive an...

In recent rehabilitation, treatments include electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation. They are transcranial (TMS), repetitive peripheral (rPMS), transcutaneous nerve (TENS), others. rPMS has been effective technique for non-invasive neuromodulation. Clinical effects of have reported such as generalized sarcopenia dysphagia, measurement rectus femoris muscle (RF), strength suprahyoid mus...

[Purpose] The present study investigated the physical and mental effects of plant factory work in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury and the use of a newly developed agricultural working environment. [Subjects] Six males with C5-C8 spinal cord injuries and 10 healthy volunteers participated. [Methods] Plant factory work involved three simulated repetitive tasks: sowing, transplantatio...

Macro-sieve electrodes were implanted in the sciatic nerve of five adult male Lewis rats following spinal cord injury to assess the ability of the macro-sieve electrode to interface regenerated peripheral nerve fibers post-spinal cord injury. Each spinal cord injury was performed via right lateral hemisection of the cord at the T9-10 site. Five months post-implantation, the ability of the macro...

Central and Reflex Changes of Muscle Function Muscular Imbalance Muscular imbalance and Its Nature The Development of Muscle Function in Light of Postural Ontogenesis Postural Ontogenesis—Motor Programs The Development of Functional Joint Centration The Neonatal Stage The Suprapubic Reflex Support Reaction Automatic Gait The Crossed Extension Reflex Calcaneal (Heel) Reflex The Fourth Through Si...

Intensive treadmill training after incomplete spinal cord injury can improve functional walking abilities. To determine the changes in muscle activation patterns that are associated with improvements in walking, we measured the electromyography (EMG) of leg muscles in 17 individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury during similar walking conditions both before and after training. Specific dif...

X-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease) affects muscles and motor neurons, manifesting as weakness and wasting of bulbar, facial, and proximal limb muscles due to loss of anterior horn cells in the brain and spinal cord. We present the case of a patient with X-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy with rapidly worsening bulbar symptoms caused by laryngopharyngeal irritation asso...

Despite clinically available methods of diaphragm pacing, most patients with ventilator-dependent tetraplegia are still dependent on mechanical ventilation. Given the significant disadvantages of these devices, additional pacing options are needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel and potentially more physiological method of inspiratory muscle activation, which involves the a...

High voltage percutaneous electrical stimulation over the lumbosacral spinal column was used to assess conduction in the cauda equina of 13 normal subjects. Electromyographic activity elicited by such stimulation was recorded from various muscles of the lower limbs. The stimulating cathode was placed over the spinous process of each vertebral body and the anode kept on the iliac crest contralat...