BACKGROUND Recently a causal relation between internal jugular vein valve incompetence (IJVVI) and transient global amnesia (TGA) has been suggested. IJVVI is postulated to provoke a transient mesiotemporal ischaemia by venous congestion. This mechanism requires a patent venous pathway from the affected IJV through the transverse sinus, confluens, straight sinus (SS), vein of Galen into the bas...

In river meandering, when flow passes through a bend, reduction of flow velocity and rising hydrostatic pressure cause super elevation phenomena at outer side and reduction of water surface at inner-side of the bend. A helical motion results, causing erosion of the outer side of the bend. Installation of submerged vanes on the stream bed can reduce erosion of the outer bank significantly. In th...

UNLABELLED Elimination of interstitial fluid and solutes plays a role in homeostasis in the brain, but the pathways are unclear. Previous work suggests that interstitial fluid drains along the walls of arteries. AIMS to define the pathways within the walls of capillaries and arteries for drainage of fluid and solutes out of the brain. METHODS Fluorescent soluble tracers, dextran (3 kDa) and...

BACKGROUND Simple aspiration and drainage is a standard initial treatment for primary spontaneous pneumothorax, but the rate of pneumothorax recurrence is substantial. We investigated whether additional minocycline pleurodesis after simple aspiration and drainage reduces the rate of recurrence. METHODS In our open-label, parallel-group, prospective, randomised, controlled trial at two hospita...

Population structure of three ecotypes of Oncorhynchus nerka (sea-type Sockeye Salmon, lake-type Sockeye Salmon, and Kokanee) in the Fraser River and Columbia River drainages was examined with microsatellite variation, with the main focus as to whether Kokanee population structure within the Fraser River drainage suggested either a monophyletic or polyphyletic origin of the ecotype within the d...

A drainage basin simulation model is used to interpret the morphometry and historical evolution of Mancos Shale badlands in Utah. High relief slopes in these badlands feature narrow divides and linear profiles due to threshold mass-wasting. Threshold slopes become longer in proportion to erosion rate, implying lower drainage density and higher relief. By contrast, in slowly eroding areas of low...

BACKGROUND The aim of this trial was to confirm previous results demonstrating the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination tissue sealant versus argon beam coagulation (ABC) treatment in liver resection. METHODS This trial was designed as an international, multicenter, randomized, controlled surgical trial with 2 parallel groups. Patients were eligible for intra-operative randomization aft...

Extracting coal mine methane (CMM) is important for underground mining safety. The tree-type borehole drainage (TTBD) technique can effectively remove from seams. Determining a suitable drilling pattern multiple boreholes will promote the efficient application of this in mines. Aimed at solving problem that optimum extraction layout unclear, study first constructed full-coupled thermo-hydro-mec...