This paper develops a method for solving the single product multi-period production-planning problem, in which the production and the inventory costs of each period arc concave and backlogging is not permitted. It is also assumed that the unit variable cost of the production evolves according to a continuous time Markov process. We prove that this production-planning problem can be Stated as a ...

E-commerce is defined as the selling and purchasing of products, well transmission data or payments, through an electronic network. driven by internet, where customers can browse online store place orders for items services using their own devices. Online transactions are used e-commerce businesses to charge goods services. The rising number has increased payment frauds. Payment fraud refers an...

This paper introduces a new stochastic dynamic program (SDP) based heuristic to compute the (R,s,S) policy parameters for non-stationary lot-sizing problem with backlogging of excessive demand, fixed order and review costs, linear holding penalty costs. Our model combines greedy relaxation that considers replenishment cycles independent modified version Scarf’s (s,S) SDP. A simple implementatio...