the augmented gravity model was employed to determine iran's trading model and agricultural export directions in the case of cross section analysis in 2005 for 64 countries which are considered as iran's main export market. besides, another explanatory variable named trade conformity index (tci) was added to the model. this index was employed to identify iran's trading model. als...

In the initial models of economic growth, economic factors entered in to models but in the following models, non-economic factors entered in to models. Many broad studies were done on this subject by the economists, and already considerable results were obtained. Subjects such as corruption in the administrative bodies were new variables entering the literature of economic growth at that stage....

One of the strengths of PBF is its flexibility. Adherents to PBF continuously seek improvements in theory, best practice and instruments. The contributions of Ireland et al.1 and Kalk2 in response to the excellent paper from Meessen et al.3 are therefore welcome. However, some of their points of criticism are based on misunderstandings and they transpose assumptions about behaviour in high-inco...

objectives the aim of this study was to present the incidence and characteristics of repeated tbi (rtbi) in iranian patients. patients and methods during one year, all admitted tbi patients with prior tbi history were enrolled into the study. in each patient, data such as age, gender, past medical history, injury cause, anatomic site of injury, tbi severity, clinical findings and ct scan findin...

This paper has investigated a possible relationship between credit market structure and bank development in Iran and selected developing countries, using a panel regression analysis. Accordingly, the bank development index is proxied by the allocated credits to private sector, while a dummy variable has been defined as a proxy for credit market. To estimate the regressions, we have used data of...

childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. the problem is global and is steadily affecting many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. the prevalence has increased at an alarming rate. globally, in 2013 the number of overweight children under the age of five years old, is estimated to be over 42 million. close to 31 mill...