The development of a country depends on industrialization and agricultural production. Due to this number of industries and factories like metal industries, dyeing, fertilizers, painting industries are coming continuously which creates severe environmental pollution especially water problem should be created and also cause global warming. To controlling of environmental pollution is very big ch...

We use the results of recent publications as vehicles with which to discuss the thermodynamics of the proton-driven mitochondrial F o F1-ATP synthase, focusing particularly on the possibility that there may be dissociation between rotatory steps and ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. Such stoichiometric 'slippage' has been invoked in the literature to explain observed non-ideal behaviour. Numerical solu...