Introduction The graphics calculator seems to be frequently misunderstood, especially by those who are unaccustomed to using it. (Kissane, 1997a) For example, it is sometimes regarded as a device to assist students to pass examinations, perhaps understandably in places where its use has become widespread because of changes to examination rules. Similarly, it is also interpreted sometimes as a d...

Consider a wager that is more complicated than simply winning or losing the amount of the bet. For example, a pass line bet with double odds is such a wager, as is a bet on video poker using a specified drawing strategy. We are concerned with the probability that, in an independent sequence of identical wagers of this type, the gambler loses L or more betting units (i.e., the gambler is “ruined...

All biological systems depend on signals for coordination: which pass information among agents that run the gamut from cells to organisms. However, their very importance makes vulnerable subversion. How can a receiver know whether signal is honest or deceptive? In other words, are necessarily reliable indicator of agent quality need? By drawing parallels ecological phenomena ranging begging by ...