background: in this work investigation of the normoxic pagat polymer gel dosimeter such as sensitivity, the r2-dose response with post time and the percentage depth dose (pdd) of pagat polymer gel dosimeter have been undertaken. materials and methods: using mri, the formulation to give the maximum change in the transverse relaxation rate r2 was determined to be 4.5% n,n'-methylenbis- acryl...

The interfering effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the natural function of biological processes is wavelength specific and the UV spectrum must be weighted with the action spectrum for the process. The UV spectral irradiance may be measured with calibrated spectroradiometers. Alternatively, the biologically effective UV may be measured with broadband devices. This paper reviews the techniq...

Radiation dosimetry in protection against ionising radiation involves research of all possible pathways through which natural or man-made radioactive materials can contaminate a habitat and actually harm its biota. It also takes into account natural and artificial (man-made) electromagnetic ionizing radiation (gamma and x radiation). This article presents a dosimetric study assessing exposure t...

background: neutron contamination in our environment can cause harmful biological effects on human body. therefore, many efforts have been made to construct a neutron dosimeter to estimate the received dose. objective: to design a simple neutron dosimeter. methods: the primary dosimeter had 3he as a spherical thermal neutron detector encircled by paraffin 10 cm in radius. then, the paraffin sph...

introduction: the pagat polymer gel dosimeter melts at 30 ˚c and even at room temperature during the summer, so it needs to be kept in a cool place such as a refrigerator. to increase the stability of the pagat gel, different amounts of agarose were added to the pagat gel composition and the pagata gel was manufactured. material and methods: the pagata gel vials were irradiated using a co-60 ma...

A major safety concern of human activities in outer-space is the exposure to harmful radiation in the environment. It is well known that radiation can induce mutational damage which can result in diseases such as cancer, and death due to radiation poisoning. Much of our understanding of the effect of radiation on living animals comes from genetic analysis of model organisms. As a well-establish...

most of the researches do not differentiate between intuitive critic and passive one – in the field of features, applications and methods. this critical school is called emotional or passive critics which emphasizes aesthetics. thus sensitivity is not the only appliance to wisdom but is a mean to inspire happiness or unhappiness feeling. consequently the passive (critical) school is the result ...

A prototype of a new dose-verification system has been developed to facilitate prevention and identification of dose delivery errors in remotely afterloaded brachytherapy. The system allows for automatic online in vivo dosimetry directly in the tumor region using small passive detector probes that fit into applicators such as standard needles or catheters. The system measures the absorbed dose ...

The core of Radiopharmaceuticals Research Centre, CCR, is represented by a TR19 cyclotron (Advanced Cyclotron Systems Inc.), a versatile and fully automated and computer controlled machine. This cyclotron accelerates negative ions (H), on a vertically arranged plane, up to 19 MeV energy, and is provided with two external beam lines and dual extraction capabilities. The main use is for the produ...

A method for the three dimensional representation of erythemally effective ultraviolet radiation (UVery) incident to the human body has been developed from a series of polysulphone dosimeter (PS) measurements to the face, neck, arms, legs and hands of a manikin model. The technique has been used to represent a series of human UVery exposure patterns in the solar zenith angle (SZA) range 30-50 m...