Spreadsheet use in educational environments has become widespread, likely because of the ‡exibility and ease of use of these tools. However, they have serious shortcomings if the teacher is to understand exactly what students or others have done. It is far too easy for students to replace a formula that gives an apparently unacceptable answer with a number that they believe to be correct. The s...

Barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.) is the most important weeds in rice fields. Some fungal pathogens can potentially be used as biological agents for the control and management of these weeds. For this reason, two pathogenic fungal species were isolated and characterized from naturally infected Echinochloa species. Morphological characters of isolates were studied in order to identify the taxono...

CONTEXT Publication of research protocols minimizes bias by explicitly stating a priori hypotheses and methods without prior knowledge of results. METHODS We conducted a retrospective comparative study to assess the extent to which the content of published Cochrane reviews had changed compared with their previously published protocols and to assess any potential impact these changes may have ...

the bacterium oceanimonas sp. (o. sp.) gk1 is a member of the aeromonadaceae family and its genome represents several virulence genes involved in fish and human pathogenicity. in this original research study we aimed to identify and characterize the putative virulence factors and pathogenicity of this halotolerant marine bacterium using genome wide analysis. materials and methods: the genome da...

The effect of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, manganese and magnesium on entomopathogenic nematodes S. feltiae was tested under laboratory conditions. The mortality of nematode invasive larvae, their pathogenicity expressed as test insect G. mellonella mortality and reproduction from the test insect bodies were investigated. It was revealed that cadmium, copper, lead and zinc affected an increase ...