any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...

Introduction: The development of electronic content based on one of the main challenges facing e-learning instructional design patterns and the education system is the key to success. This study examines the position of design patterns in the design and production of electronic content in their e-learning environment. Methods: This article is a review article, and a library. In its edition...

Today, religious buildings‌‌, particularly the shrines, have a special place in the category of Architecture. These shrines have been changed during the history and they have found substantial physical differences with each other. It seems that, the difference in the expression of traits and concepts has caused the physical changes between them. Now, the main question is whether these differenc...

the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between teachers’ immediacy behaviors and iranian students’ willingness to talk in english classes. analysis of the results from willingness to talk scale represents a relatively high level of willingness to talk in english classrooms among iranian language learners. the total mean score of students’ willingness to talk was 66.3 ou...

Environmental and life conditions of human, over years, have caused changes in human behavior and perception, like their physical changes, in line with more consistency with the environment. The behavioral and perceptional adaptations that is the result of sedimentation of past human experiences like predefined patterns affect our perception and behavior, patterns that are transferred thro...