Treatment of wastewater to a level suitable for reuse does not require the use of completely mechanical system. Proper treatment can be achieved using existing technologies related to natural wastewater treatment systems when appropriate design functions of several systems are integrated together. Integrating the functions of an anaerobic pond into a facultative pond to form an integrated facul...

We consider invasion percolation on the square lattice. In [3] it has been proved that the probability that the radius of a so-called pond is larger than n, differs at most a factor of order log n from the probability that in critical Bernoulli percolation the radius of an open cluster is larger than n. We show that these two probabilities are, in fact, of the same order. Moreover, we prove an ...

BACKGROUND Classically, studies adopting non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation have placed greater importance on the position of the primary "stimulating" electrode than the secondary "reference" electrode. However, recent current density modeling suggests that ascribing a neutral role to the reference electrode may prove an inappropriate oversimplification. HYPOTHESIS We set out t...

OF DISSERTATION FREQUENCY ANALYSIS AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF EXTREME FLOODS ON A LARGE WATERSHED Estimates of extreme floods and probabilities are needed in hydrologic engineering and in risk analysis to assess the safety of dams. This research focuses on developing a twodimensional, distributed model to simulate extreme floods with return periods up to 10,000 years. The four objective...

Mathematical modeling of ecosystems requires a considerable amount of knowledge about the subsystems functioning within the broad framework and the various rate processes and transfer coefficients that control the dynamic aspects. A detailed analysis of the transfer rates and budget of inorganic carbon and nutrients in a simulated pond was conducted for assessment and comparison with aquatic bo...

one of the most appropriate approaches for flood forecasting is using peak discharge data of hydrometric stations in each region. however, lack of such stations or short duration of data in most parts of the country, make it necessary to use some alternative methods in order to estimate the flood discharge properly. one of these approaches is regional flood analysis method that in a region usin...

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests across western North America have been undergoing a major mortality event owing to a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation. We studied biotic and abiotic drivers of growing season soil respiration in four mature stands experiencing different levels of mortality between 2008 and 2012 in southeastern Wyoming, USA. Bark be...

introduction: drought is a creeping natural phenomenon, which can occur in any region. such phenomenon not only affects the region subjected to drought, but its adverse effects can also be extended to other adjacent regions. this phenomenon mainly starts with water deficiency (say less than long- term mean of variable under study such as rainfall, streamflow, groundwater level or soil moisture)...

Hydrological simulation of the karst area is significant for assessing water resources accurately and exploring relationship in hydrologic cycle. However, existence sinkholes causes spatial heterogeneity aquifers changes distribution surface as well groundwater, which makes traditional hydrogeological model difficult to quantitatively characterize hydrological processes sinkhole. Hence, improvi...