Systems of autonomous and self-interested agents interacting to achieve individual and collective goals may exhibit undesirable or unexpected behaviour if left unconstrained. Norms have been widely proposed as a means of defining and enforcing societal constraints by using the deontic concepts of obligations, permissions and prohibitions to describe what must, may and should not be done, respec...

PEER EFFECTS IN SEXUAL INITIATION: SEPARATING SOCIAL NORMS AND PARTNER SUPPLY Seth O. Richards Kenneth I. Wolpin Sexual activity among adolescents is associated with risks such as pregnancy and STDs, and there is substantial policy interest in how peers influence the timing of sexual initiation. This paper measures separate effects for two social mechanisms— peer-group norms and partner availab...

We propose a norms-based agent-oriented model of decision-making of semi-autonomous vehicles in urban traffic scenarios. Computational norms are used to represent the driving rules and conventions that influence the distributed decision-making process of the vehicles. As norms restrict admissible behaviour of the agents, we propose to represent them as constraints, and we express the agents’ in...

The aim of this work is to enlighten the role of cognitive influencing in norm emergence and compliance. The paper unfolds as follows: in the first part, norm immergence will be described as a necessary mechanism for norm emergence; in the second part, a cognitive analysis of punishment will be provided and the role of this enforcement mechanisms in norm compliance will be shown. Some remarks a...

All social species face various “collective action problems” (CAPs) or “social dilemmas,” meaning problems in achieving cooperating when the best move from a selfish point of view yields an inferior collective outcome. Compared to most other species, humans are very good at solving these challenges, suggesting that something rather peculiar about human sociality facilitates collective action. T...

The Affective Norms for Polish Short Texts (ANPST) dataset (Imbir, 2016d) is a list of 718 affective sentence stimuli with known affective properties with respect to subjectively perceived valence, arousal, dominance, origin, subjective significance, and source. This article examines the reliability of the ANPST and the impact of population type and sex on affective ratings. The ANPST dataset w...

This study examined whether peer norms for aggression within the classroom impact friendship selection, maintenance, and socialization processes related to aggression across the 1st year of secondary school (N = 1,134 students from 51 classes, Mage  = 12.66). As hypothesized, longitudinal social network analyses indicated that friendship selection and influence processes related to aggression d...

Institutional change, collective action, and cooperation are closely related. The connection between institutional change and collective action comes from the fact that both democratic political institutions and norms of behavior are collectively chosen: they are the result of a collective action process. Collective action, however, requires a solution to the cooperation problem, for it is usua...

social capital is a systematic set of organized links between the members of a group or a society which is based on specific norms and rules and results into obtaining individual and collective purposes. the category of social capital is different with from current concept of capital in sociology, law and economy. features like cooperation, knowledge, participating in public affairs, tolerating...

The problem of collective action is usually identified with social dilemmas. A wider notion of the term collective action problem is introduced, as dilemmas are not the only problems to arise in collective action. The article first presents a typology of collective action problems based on matrix game analysis. Five types are distinguished: distribution, defection, co-ordination, disagreement, ...