Recommendations for the prevention of tetanus in the wounded have been revised to incorporate the use of human tetanus immunoglobulin, which is now available in the United Kingdom. Surgical toilet is of prime importance for all wounds, and is usually sufficient for tetanus prophylaxis in patients with wounds that are less than six hours old, clean, non-penetrating, and with negligible tissue da...

Non-missile penetrating brain injuries are rare events in western countries. We report a case with lethal stab injury of the brain and identification of the weapon used in the assault by digital superimposition on CT scans taken at admission of the victim to a hospital. Furthermore, all cases with knife stab wounds of the skull between 1971 and 2000 were analyzed and compared with literature re...

This is the first reported case of eye injury caused by a crayfish antenna. A 20-year-old male crayfish diver sustained a scleral penetrating injury that led to a subconjunctival abscess. The foreign body was histologically similar to a crayfish antenna.

A controlled trial of vitrectomy following combined experimental posterior contusion and penetrating eye injury was performed on a group of pigs at 1 day, 2 weeks, and at 10 weeks after the initial injury. Severe intraoperative haemorrhage occurred in 5 eyes operated on at day after injury and in one eye operated on at 2 weeks after injury, but no haemorrhage occurred when surgery was performe...

introduction although a few patients will survive after penetrating cardiac injuries, some of them may have unnoticeable intracardiac injuries. the combination of aorto-right ventricular fistula with aortic valve injury is rare. case presentation a 19 year-old man referred with an aorto-right ventricular fistula accompanied with aortic regurgitation and delayed tamponade following a stab in the...

Background: Penetrating cardiac injuries are rare in South African and international literature. regarded as one of the most lethal trauma patients. The mechanism injury varies across world. In developing countries, stab wounds cause majority penetrating injuries. These remain clinically challenging associated with high mortalities. Aim: To describe our experience outcome their management at a ...