Limited efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs against solid tumors has been attributed to poor drug penetration into tumor tissues. Multicellular layer (MCL) cultures recapitulate barriers to drug penetration and distribution and have been used successfully in the production of clinically relevant data. In the present study, we evaluated the characteristics of paclitaxel (PTX) and 5-fluorouracil (...

Using a unique district-level panel dataset, we investigate the effect of banking system penetration on financial inclusion in Ghana. To purge potential endogeneity bias underlying relationship, exploit change policy environment Ghanaian to instrument for penetration. We show, first, that switch from compartmentalized universal Ghana has resulted an expansion banks' branch networks, which benef...

The connection and use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) such as Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) systems in distribution networks have been increasing over the last few decades. The grid-connected PV system is one of the most promising renewable energy solutions which could offer many benefits to both the end user and the utility network. Such systems may cover the consumer’s own power deman...

Using the Japanese firm/establishment-level census data, we investigate impact of Chinese import penetration on employment in Japan. We found negative impacts total employment, especially industries producing competing products to imports, and a positive from which firms purchase their inputs (upstream penetration). The are mainly driven by firms’ exit market while enjoyed surviving firms. did ...

Wind power can make an important contribution to the goal of reducing emissions of CO2. The major problem relates to the intrinsic variability of the source and the difficulty of reconciling the supply of electricity with demand particularly at high levels of wind penetration. This challenge is explored for the case of the ERCOT system in Texas. Demand for electricity in Texas is projected to i...

The NFC technology implemented on the base of contemporary mobile handsets can provide considerable benefits to end-users. However, despite high level of diffusion of mobile phones in Western Europe, the level of penetration of the NFC based mobile payment is low. A considerable number of trials have been initiated, however, large scale deployment of commercial NFC services cannot be seen. This...