in agricultural practices, reference evapotranspiration (et0) parameters need to be specified for crop water requirement determination. although, the crop water requirement is not an easy task. numerous mathematical models and experimental methods have been developed for this purpose in the entire world. on the other hand, ten-daily and monthly average meteorological data are used in many of ir...

This study uses two forms of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), namely PDSI_TH (potential evapotranspiration estimated-by Thornthwaite equation) and PDSI_PM estimated by FAO Penman-Monteith equation), to characterize meteorological drought trends during 1960–2016 in Loess Plateau (LP) its four subregions. By designing a series numerical experiments, we mainly investigated various climati...

The accurate calculation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is the fundamental basis for sustainable use water resources and drought assessment. In this study, we evaluate performance second-generation China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS) two simplified machine learning models to estimate ET0 when meteorological data are insufficient in China. results sho...

This study employs a knowledge intensive corpus analysis to identify the elements of the communicative context which can be used to determine the appropriate lexical and grammatical form of instructional texts. imagene, an instructional text generation system based on this analysis, is presented, particularly with reference to its expression of precondition relations.

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is a key component of hydrologic cycle and it important for water resources management. Analysis ET0 changes particularly critical understanding the impacts climatic change on hydrology in ecologically fragile regions. In this study, using Penman–Monteith method Mann–Kendall test, variation characteristics Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 1970 to 2018 was analyzed, d...

Seeking to contribute with the management of water resources in Itaipu Binacional reservoir region, this research aimed characterize dynamics evapotranspiration and evaluate performance different mathematical methods, which determine reference (ETo) from air temperature values. Fifteen municipalities were analyzed. After obtaining data series, ETo was estimated using six methods: Camargo (C), H...

The latent heat transfer associated with tree transpiration is one of the influences trees on surrounding physical environment and it important to predict rate correctly in order evaluate urban water budgets. When are planted as a countermeasure against warming street canyon design, necessary influence commonly typical summer days accurately rather than that particular certain day. Various pred...