BACKGROUND We sought to investigate the impact of the duration of second stage of labor on risk of severe perineal lacerations (third and fourth degree). METHODS This population based cohort study was conducted in the Stockholm/Gotland region, Sweden, 2008-2014. Study population included 52 211 primiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery with cephalic presentation at term. Unconditional log...

we report an unusual case of diphailus in a five year old boy. the two organs appeared separately, one orthotopically in the pubic area and the other in the perineum with no urinary meatus. a perineal hypospadias with meatus in the anterior anal verge was also present. the right testis was undescended and the scrotum was mildly bifid. the patient was continent for both voiding and defecation. m...

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect perineal massage with vaseline on episiotomy and healing in nulliparous women. 
 Method: double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted 90 In interventions group, performed Vaseline without from active phase labor. Control group no were performed. Results: Perineal intervention significant decreased rate episiotomies (40%) compar...