introductiongeopolitics is a word that conjures up images. in one sense, the word provokes ideas of war, empire, and diplomacy: geopolitics is the practice of states controlling and competing for territory. geopolitics had a history before the term itself came in to use in 1899 by swede rudolf kjellen. it is apparent that many of great figures in the history of political thought, from the ancie...

The dynamic nature of projects and the fact that they are carried out in changing environments, justify the need for their periodic monitoring and control. Collection of information about the performance of projects at control points costs money. The corrective actions that may need to be taken to bring the project in line with the plan also costs money. On the other hand, penalties are usually...

We consider the C1-open set $$\cal{V}$$ of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on space $$\mathbb{T}^{2}\times\mathbb{T}^{2}$$ whose non-wandering is not stable, introduced by M. Shub in [57]. Firstly, we show that each diffeormorphism a limit horseshoes sense entropy. Afterwards, establish existence C2-open $$\cal{U}$$ C2-diffeomorphisms and C2-residual subset ℜ such any diffeomorphism has eq...