The diagnosis of CLL requires the presence of ‡5000 B lymphocytes/ll in the peripheral blood for the duration of at least 3 months. The clonality of the circulating B lymphocytes needs to be confirmed by flow cytometry. The leukaemia cells found in the blood smear are characteristically small, mature lymphocytes with a narrow border of cytoplasm and a dense nucleus lacking discernable nucleoli ...

Pericardial effusion (PE) is accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. There are broad etiologies PE, such as inflammation, infection, and malignancy. The etiology must be discovered because treatment will focused based on cause. We present a 40-year-old female who came to cardiology clinic with exertional dyspnea only symptom. patient had history unspecific joint pain two months prior. Phy...

The plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is an extremely uncommon malignant blood disorder with a pejorative prognosis. It is defined by the presence of at least 20% of plasma cells in the peripheral blood or an absolute number of circulating plasma cells greater than 2 G /L. It appears under two variants: secondary PCL that complicates known multiple myeloma and primitive PCL that is immediately leukemi...

A 61-year-old male presented with 2 months of bone pain. Complete blood count showed Hb 10 g/dL, white blood cell count 4.5 109/L, and platelets 130 109/L. The peripheral smear contained visible agglutinates and a blue background color (panel A). Aggregates of amorphous particles mimicking lysed cells were observed microscopically (panels C-E) with smaller and less stained deposits (panel E arr...

A n 80-year-old white male diagnosed with de novo B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) presented with increasing fatigue and moderate splenomegaly without palpable lymphadenopathy following treatment with chlorambucil. A chest CT scan showed pulmonary infiltrates, presumed to be leukemic, with a nondiagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage. The white blood cell (WBC) count was 72 3 10/L, with 82% pro...

Background: Anemia is a major nutritional problem worldwide especially in developing countries. This research was conducted to find the incidence of severe anemia, identify common clinical features and etiology it assess requirement packed red cell transfusion. Methods: All patients having anemia (hemoglobin <7 gm/dl 6-59 months <8 5-14 years as per WHO definition) between 6-14 were inclu...

Histidine-rich protein II (HRP2)-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have shown high sensitivity and specificity for detecting Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a variety of study settings. However, RDTs are susceptible to heat and humidity and variation in individual performance, which may affect their use in field settings. We evaluated sensitivity and specificity of RDTs during routin...

Malaria due to Plasmodium vivax infection is a species that attacks humans more than other species. The purpose of this study was determine the hematological description sufferers in Inti Farma Jayapura Laboratory for period January - June 2020. descriptive design used malaria examination using peripheral blood smear method which examined microscope at laboratory during year. results were analy...

Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. It is usually associated with leukemia or other myeloproliferative disorders but can also occur without overt hematologic diseases. The breast is an uncommon site of presentation and requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We report such a case in a 45-year-old female, who presented with nontender ...

introduction: multiple sclerosis (ms) is generally known as a manageable but not yet curable autoimmune disease affecting central nervous system. a potential therapeutic approach should possess several properties: prevent immune system from damaging the brain and spinal cord, promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (opcs) into mature oligodendrocytes to produce myelin, preve...