Rectovaginal Endometriosis (RVE) is a severe form of endometriosis classified by Kirtner as stage 4 [1,2]. It is less frequent than peritoneal or ovarian endometriosis affecting 3.8% to 37% of patients with endometriosis [3,4]. RVE infiltrates the rectum, vagina, and rectovaginal septum, up to obliteration of the pouch of Douglas [4]. Endometriotic nodules exceeding 30 mm in diameter have 17.9%...

Endometriosis is a common mysterious and fascinating gynaecological condition with diverse clinical manifestations, highly variable and unpredictable clinical course with decreased quality of life. Clinically, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB, Chinese Danshen) has been applied to treat endometriosis and get satisfactory results. The present study was aimed to explore the effects of the extracts o...

This article presents an overview of immunological factors and their role in the development of endometriosis, with emphasis on inflammatory cytokines, growth and adhesion factors. Although retrograde menstruation is a common phenomenon among women of reproductive age, not all women who have retrograde menstruation develop endometriosis. The development of endometriosis is hypothesised to be a ...

OBJECTIVE This study was performed to compare the expression of CD44 in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) of women with and without endometriosis and to evaluate the role of CD44 in the adherence of ESCs to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). METHODS A PMC adherence assay was performed to evaluate the adherence of ESCs to PMCs in women with and without endometriosis. The expression of CD44 mR...

OBJECTIVE To verify whether bladder and ureter endometriosis had the same clinical features and disease behavior. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Multidisciplinary group in Sao Paulo, Brazil. PATIENT(S) A total of 690 patients were submitted to laparoscopy with histologically diagnosis of endometriosis between July 1999 and December 2006. Twelve of these patients had lesions affecting ...

Endometriosis is a common gynecological entity that usually occurs in the pelvic organs. Umbilical endometriosis rare condition accounts for 0.5-1% of all extragenital endometriosis. It arises secondary to prior surgery but may arise de novo as well. We report case this with spontaneous occurrence, which was diagnosed preoperatively umbilical granuloma. should be kept differential diagnoses wom...

Laparoscopic treatment for endometriosis-associated infertility is gaining widespread popularity supported mostly by uncontrolled studies, but the purported benefit of surgery may be overvalued. We have therefore analysed the best available evidence with the aim of defining an approximate estimate of the effect size of conservative surgery for infertile women with endometriosis in various clini...

Inflammatory cells play important roles in progression of solid neoplasms including ovarian cancers. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to angiogenesis and immune suppression by modulating microenvironment. Ovarian cancer develops occasionally on the bases of endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory disease. We have recently demonstrated differential expressions of CXCR3 variants in en...

AIM Persistent or recurrent pain after hysterectomy is one of the most frustrating clinical scenarios in benign gynaecology. We attempt to review the current evidence regarding the recurrence of pelvic pain after hysterectomy for endometriosis. The impact of ovarian conservation, type of hysterectomy and the extent of surgical excision were analysed. METHODS Peer reviewed published manuscript...

Endometriosis is a common and distressing gynecological problem in women of reproductive age group. Endometriosis is the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, and may be found either inside the pelvis or outside the pelvis. It presents as red, petechial lesions, usually multiple, on the peritoneal surface of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. The most com...