OBJECTIVE Perivascular cells, including pericytes, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and other specialized cell types, like podocytes, participate in various aspects of vascular function. However, aside from the well-established roles of smooth muscle cells and pericytes, the contributions of other vascular-associated cells are poorly understood. Our goal was to ascertain the function of periva...

INTRODUCTION Acute cerebral edema is a significant cause of death in patients treated for diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 44-year-old African American woman admitted with acute severe headache and diagnosed with diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Computed tomography of the head showed diffuse leukoencephalopa...

The application of histological and morphometric methods allowed to determine significant changes of brain structures in people who died from traumatic hemorrhage in the condition of alcohol intoxication of mild and moderate degree. A marked spasm of large pial arteries has been revealed. Dystonia with a predominance of spasms is typical for intracerebral arteries, and dilatation for the veins....

Adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilatory hypotensive peptide, is expressed in the heart, where it is known to play a protective action. Light-microscopy immunocytochemistry (ICC) demonstrated the presence of AM immunoreactivity not only in the coronary-vessel wall and ventricular myocytes of the human and rat heart, but also in sparse voluminous cells located in the perivascular space. These ...

OBJECTIVES To assess whether pulse pressure (PP) is associated, independently of mean arterial pressure (MAP), with perivascular spaces (PVS), lacunar lesions presumably ischemic (LPI), and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) seen on brain MRI. METHODS Participants in the Northern Manhattan Study had their blood pressure (BP) taken during their baseline enrollment visit and again during...

Gliomas are devastating brain cancers that have poor prognostic outcomes for their patients. Short overall patient survival is due to a lack of durable, efficacious treatment options. Such therapeutic difficulties exist, in part, due to several glioma survival adaptations and mechanisms, which allow glioma cells to repurpose paracrine signalling pathways and ion channels within discreet microen...

Title: Prevalence of and risk factors for enlarged perivascular spaces in adult patients with moyamoya disease Authors: Tomoyoshi Kuribara ([email protected]) Takeshi Mikami ([email protected]) Katsuya Komatsu ([email protected]) Hime Suzuki ([email protected]) Hirofumi Ohnishi ([email protected]) Kiyohiro Houkin ([email protected]) Nobuhiro Mikuni ([email protected]...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral small-vessel disease is a major cause of cognitive impairment. Perivascular spaces (PvS) occur in small-vessel disease, but their relationship to cognitive impairment remains uncertain. One reason may be difficulty in distinguishing between lacunes and PvS. We determined the relationship between baseline PvS score and PvS volume with change in cognition over a 5-...

The conditions which lead to a plaque of demyelination in the retrobulbar optic nerve are discussed. Growth of the plaque occurs along venules as small fingerlike sleeves which develop outwards from the contour of the plaque. This occurs slowly and at intervals; the very gradually expanding lesion remain for a long time clinically silent. It is here postulated that the change to clinical diseas...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and perivascular spaces (PVS) are features of small vessel disease, found jointly on MRI of older people. Inflammation is a prominent pathological feature of small vessel disease. We examined the association between inflammation, PVS, and WMH in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (N=634). METHODS We measured plasma fibrinogen, C-reactive p...