The progress in ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS) and related technologies has significantly promoted the development of petroleomics. study petroleomics greatly broadened our knowledge composition petroleum at molecular level, especially heavy fractions that cannot be analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-based methods. To date, heteroatom-containing (O, N, S, metal atoms) compounds...

List of Abbreviations CIIAPTER ONE General Introduction Pollution of Saudi Arabian soil with crude oil Chemistry and biodegradability of petroleum hydrocarbon Environmental fate of petroleum Factors influencing petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation Distribution of petroleum-utilizing microorganisms in the environment Biological degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon Bacterial degradation of oil Fu...

Global development of transportation dependent on internal combustion engines, involves major increases in the consumption fossil fuels obtained by extracting crude oil from depths means wells and refining it. In this context, protection environment groundwater quality is an increasingly difficult objective to maintain, requiring modern methods address possible negative effects environment. The...

Petroleum refining industries produce large amounts of toxic effluents, causing environmental pollution. Iran is an oil-rich country that encounters oil pollution in its soil and water. Bioremediation of these pollutants is an appropriate solution to tackle them, compared to physical and chemical remediation methods. There are some factors that increase the rate of biodegradation; therefore, th...

the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of various refining processes’ conditions on conjugated dienes in soybean oil. conjugated dienes contents of soybean oil were found to undergo reduction in neutralization and bleaching steps while being increased in deodorization. it was observed that alkali refining (neutralization) through 12 and 14 °bé, bleaching with either acid ac...

Catalytic hydrotreatment (HT) is one of the most important refining steps in actual petroleum-based refineries for production fuels and chemicals, it will play also a crucial role development biomass-based refineries. In fact, utilization HT processes upgrading biomass and/or lignocellulosic residues aimed to synthetic chemical intermediates represents reliable strategy reduce both carbon dioxi...

Erosion is one of the important unlikely problems in oil refining industry that produces many damages and values to refining parts. In other part stop of refining operation for repairing is very expensive. Many erosions are happened in refining operations when equipments are placed to atmosphere, Powerful acids, eruption gases, hydrocarbon vampires and high temperature make very complex situati...

Study of a mature petroleum play in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) indicates that the spatial distribution of petroleum accumulations exhibits a self-affinity characteristic. This characteristic motivated the examination of a fractal model for a quantitative description of petroleum resource spatial distribution. The proposed approach transforms the spatial information with respect...