The poor water solubility of drugs is major problem for drug formulation. To date, nanoscale systems for drug delivery have gained much interest as a way to improve the solubility problems. The reduction of drug particles into the sub-micron range leads to a significant increase in the dissolution rate and therefore enhances bioavailability. Nanosuspensions are promising candidates that can be ...

INTRODUCTION Fine particle characterization is most effective when accomplished through a methodical process. The first step of this process often involves determining what material needs characterization. In general, the following instances are most often cited: • When a new chemical entity or active pharmaceutical ingredient is identified • When the production of an existing substance is chan...

This paper reports the first application of surface enhanced Raman chemical imaging on pharmaceutical tablets containing the active ingredient (API) in very low concentrations. Taking advantage of the extremely intensive Raman signals in the presence of silver colloids, image aquisition time was radically decreased. Moreover, the investigation of drug distribution below the detection limit of r...

A new impurity was detected during high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of eslicarbazepine acetate active pharmaceutical ingredient. The structure of unknown impurity was postulated based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization and ion trap analyzer (LC/ESI-IT/MS) analysis. Proposed structure of impurity was unambiguously confirmed by synthesi...

This paper empirically analyses entry by generic firms into the strictly regulated Spanish pharmaceutical market. We estimate a fixed effects negative binomial entry model using a panel of 77 active ingredient markets during the period 1999– 2005. The results show that generic entry depends positively on revenues, the age of themarket, and the number of previous brand-name competitors, and nega...

Superporous hydrogels (SPHs) were originally developed as a novel drug delivery system to retain drugs in the gastric medium. These systems should instantly swell in the stomach and maintain their integrity in the harsh stomach environment, while releasing the pharmaceutical active ingredient. For years, the synthetic features and properties of these SPH materials have been modified and improve...

Transdermal patches are a popular route for drug delivery because of the sustained drug levels, low side effects, reduced hepatitic first-pass effect and ease of use, including self– administration. The basic components of any transdermal delivery system include one or more active pharmaceutical ingredient s (APIs) dissolved or dispersed in a reservoir or inert polymer matrix; an outer backing ...

Ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) methods were developed to determine two commonly used chelating agents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in Abilify® (a small molecule drug with aripiprazole as the active pharmaceutical ingredient) oral solution and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) in Yervoy® (a monoclonal antibody drug with ipilimumab as t...