or many gastrointestinal (GI) research scientists, the Fprospect of a move from academia to the pharmaceutical industry can be daunting. Their training has qualified them for a range of research-related careers, but in many cases they have been exposed only to those located in academic centers. Their mentors are predominantly academic scientists, so they lack role models on other career paths. ...

Automatically extracting organization names from the affiliation sentences of articles related to biomedicine is of great interest to the pharmaceutical marketing industry, health care funding agencies and public health officials. It will also be useful for other scientists in normalizing author names, automatically creating citations, indexing articles and identifying potential resources or co...

INTRODUCTION The rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antibiotics, which have transformed medicine and saved millions of lives.1–6 Many decades after the first patients were treated with antibiotics, bacterial infections have again become a threat.7 The antibiotic resistance crisis has been attributed to the overuse and misuse of these medica...

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BACKGROUND Shikimic acid, the sole chemical building block for the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), is one of the potent pharmaceutical intermediates with three chiral centers. Here we report a metabolically engineered recombinant Bacillus megaterium strain with aroE (shikimate dehydrogenase) overexpression for the production of shikimic acid. RESULTS In a 7 L bioreactor, 4.2 g/L shikim...

The potential for genetically modified (GM) crops to threaten biodiversity conservation and sustainable agriculture is substantial. Megadiverse countries and centers of origin and/or diversity of crop species are particularly vulnerable regions. The future of sustainable agriculture may be irreversibly jeopardized by contamination of in situ preserved genetic resources threatening a strategic r...

BACKGROUND To ensure more effective hemostasis in surgical procedures, a novel sponge of pharmaceutical-grade chemically cross-linked gelatine, characterized by a high pore density, reduced ligaments and a high nanoscale roughness of the surface has been developed. PATIENTS AND METHODS A questionnaire-based survey was carried out at seven ENT centers in Germany to collect clinical data. A tot...

A workshop entitled “The use of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation during pregnancy”, sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF), was held in Rockville, Maryland, on 19 May 1999. The goals of the workshop were: (1) to determine the current state of knowledge related to the use of pharmacotherapies for smok...

Decontamination, i.e. cleaning by removal of chemicals or germs, is a term commonly used for the process of treating devices, instruments and surfaces in order to ensure their safe operation. It is of exceptional importance in healthcare, food and pharmaceutical industry as well as in the areas of army and public defense. The decontamination process covers several steps like simple washing with...

Methods We developed the Infection Control Assessment Tool (ICAT) under the auspices of the Rational Pharmaceutical Management Program at Management Sciences for Health (Washington, DC) with support from the United States Agency for International Development. ICAT enables users with limited infection control expertise to complete hospital-wide, unit-based, or problem-based evaluations of existi...