A spectroscopic probe with multiple detecting fibers was used for quantifying absorption and scattering in liquid optical phantoms. The phantoms were mixtures of Intralipid and red and blue food dyes. Intensity calibration for the detecting fibers was undertaken using either a microsphere suspension (absolute calibration) or a uniform detector illumination (relative calibration between detector...

Novel frequency doubler circuits and dividers for clock signal generation are presented. In combination with two edge detectors and two duty cycle control buffers a low cost frequency doubler circuit is achieved as compared to Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) design. An input clock signal with an unpredictable duty cycle is inputted to a rising (or falling) edge detector. The edge detector converts the ...

We report here on terahertz (THz) digital holography on a biological specimen. A continuous-wave (CW) THz in-line holographic setup was built based on a 2.52 THz CO(2) pumped THz laser and a pyroelectric array detector. We introduced novel statistical method of obtaining true intensity values for the pyroelectric array detector's pixels. Absorption and phase-shifting images of a dragonfly's hin...

A novel approach to moving target detection is proposed for dual-channel SAR system. This approach is on the basis of eigendecomposition of the sample covariance matrix and examines the statistic of the second eigenvalue and the Along-Track Interferometric (ATI) phase for ground moving target indication. Based on this statistic, a new Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detector can be designed to...

We have implemented a pitch detector based on Licklider’s “Duplex Theory” of pitch perception, and tested it on a variety of stimuli from human perceptual tests. We believe that this approach accurately models how humans perceive pitch. We show that it correctly identifies the pitch of complex harmonic and inharmonic stimuli, and that it is robust in the face of noise and phase changes. This pe...

The concept of measurement in classical scattering is interpreted as an overlap of a particle packet with some area in phase space that describes the detector. Considering that usually we record the passage of particles at some point in space, a common detector is described e.g. for one-dimensional systems as a narrow strip in phase space. We generalize this concept allowing this strip to be tr...

The Yale-Weizmann collaboration aims to develop a lowradioactivity (low-background) cryogenic noble liquid detector for Dark-Matter (DM) search in measurements to be performed deep underground as for example carried out by the XENON collaboration. A major issue is the background induced by natural radioactivity of present-detector components including the Photo Multiplier Tubes (PMT) made from ...

A simple reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for a simultaneous analysis of free, glycine- and taurine-amidated bile acids is described. The resolution of ursodeoxycholic, cholic, chenodeocycholic, deoxycholic, and lithocholic acids, either free or amidated with glycine and taurine, is achieved using a C-18 octadecylsilane column (30 cm length, 4 micron particle size) w...

introduction: the mechanism of action and metabolism of clozapine, a complex drug used in psychopharmacology, is not completely understood. the effects of this compound in human body are related to some interactions with serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter receptors. to further elucidate the mechanism of action and to support ongoing drug metabolism studies, [14c] clozapine with suitable ra...

Clock recovery circuits which extract the clock signal from random NRZ data are very important to the multigigabit-per-second integrated receivers. Regarding the factors of flexibility and cost of implementation, phase-locked loops are standard approaches to CRCs. In a PLL, the phase detector is a key component which determines several significant properties of the PLL. The goal of this project...