We examined aspects of hearing in the red bat (Lasiurus borealis) related to its use of biosonar. Evoked potential audiograms, obtained from volume-conducted auditory brainstem responses, were obtained in two bats, and the sound pressure transformation of the pinna was measured in three specimens. Field-recorded echolocation signals were analysed for comparison. The fundamental sonar search cal...

The objective of this research is to develop an accurate numerical method to be used in showing the deformation of a liquid fuel droplet in a convective field. To simultaneously solve the internal liquid droplet flow field as well as the external gas phase flow field, a nonstaggered rectangular grid system without any coordinate transformation is used. Transition from the gas field to the liqui...

In this research, a sol gel autocaombustion route has been proposed to synthesize alumina-zirconia composite powders, using ammonium bicarbonate as a new fuel. Then the effect of calcination temperature on phase transformation and crystallite sizes was investigated. To characterize the products XRD, TEM and BET analyses were used. XRD patterns of as-synthesized powder and calcined powders at 11...

Boron has a unique chemistry, responsible for remarkable complexities even in the pure element. I review some of the history of the discovery of this element, and recent surprises found in boron under pressure. I discuss the recent discovery of a new high-pressure phase, γ-B28, consisting of icosahedral B12 clusters and B2 pairs in a NaCl-type arrangement: (B2)(B12), and displaying a significan...

In this paper wave transformation in a submerged sloped breakwater and its hydraulic performance was simulated by developing a numerical model in Fortran. The code was established by combining porous flow and a two-phase model using VOF method. Modified Navier-Stokes and k-ε equations implemented to the model to simulate the flow in porous media. Cut cell method was modified to simulate...

In situ high P-T Raman spectra of solid CO(2) up to 67 GPa and 1,660 K have been measured, using a micro-optical spectroscopy system coupled with a Nd:YLF laser heating system in diamond anvil cells. A metallic foil was employed to efficiently absorb the incoming Nd:YLF laser and heat the sample. The average sample temperature was accurately determined by detailed balance from the anti-Stokes/S...