the objective of this paper is to provide an overview of various approaches on iran’s nuclear program and the frameworks within which the approaches can be located. it first addresses different views held in relevant think tanks and academic circles in the u.s. regarding iran’s nuclear program, including motivation-based and consequence-based arguments in their different variants. then iranians...

This article is based on a series of studies done by Action for Economic Reforms (AER) to develop an alternative measure of poverty. The measure, simply referred to by AER as the Quality of Life Index, or QLI, uses a pure capability-based approach in measuring accomplishment in human development. The index is not only a measuring instrument; it also serves as a framework for planning at the nat...

We describe a new species of terrestrial limestone forest frog of the genus Platymantis from Biak Na Bato National Park in central Luzon Island, Philippines. Platymantis biak is assigned to the primarily arboreal Platymantis guentheri Species Group, and is distinguished from these and other congeners by features of its external morphology and preferred terrestrial limestone microhabitat. Severa...

Relatively little is known about the genetic diversity of the Philippine population, and this is an important gap in our understanding of Southeast Asian and Oceanic prehistory. Here we describe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in 423 Philippine samples and analyze them in the context of the genetic diversity of other Southeast Asian populations. The majority of Philippine mtDNA types are sh...

[1] Energy from seismic events traveling up a subduction zone is frequently associated with significant large-amplitude, high-frequency signals with sustained long coda. Such seismic waves guided by the subducted plate with high wave velocity and high Q can cause surprisingly large seismic intensity in the fore-arc area. In this study, we characterize the guiding behavior of the subducted Phili...

aim : since data about prevalence of jc virus in iranian population is scarce, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of jc virus in healthy individuals who had attended fajr hospital and farjam clinical laboratory in tehran, iran. background : jc virus is the causative agent of progressive multifocal encephalopathy (pml) in individuals with suppressed immune system. there are some ...

Three new Brachinus species namely B. grootaerti n. sp. (Palawan Island), B. palawanensis n. sp. (Palawan Island), B. mindanaoensis n. sp. (Mindanao Island) from Philippines were described. In addition, a modified key to the known Brachinus Philippine species is provided.