one of the issues discussed in details in philosophy is the end of humanity after death (according to the tendency of immortality) and the survival of the human population or accepting death and invalidity with destruction of the body. philosophers such as ibn sina, suhrawardi and mulla sadra explain the stages and types of souls after death, and the immortality of them. ibn sina after al-farab...

plantinga, wolterstorff and westphal are three eminent christian philosophers in the united states today. this paper will examine plantinga, wolterstorff, and westphal's response to kant's anti-realist epistemology. while perhaps many christian philosophers doing philosophy of religion in the united states follow the common-sense realism of thomas reid, some philosophers, like merold ...

‘A is A, and yet A is not A; therefore A is A’.1 This common inference within the logic of soku is based on the dialectical form ‘A soku not-A’, variously translated as ‘A sive not-A’, ‘A qua not-A’, and ‘A and yet not-A’, and is hereafter referred to as the soku dialectic. Nishida Kitarō, Tanabe Hajime, and Nishitani Keiji, the central philosophers of the Kyoto school, grant the legitimacy of ...

Introduction Naturalism in philosophy demands that philosophical proposals exhibit a healthy respect for the methods and findings of the empirical sciences, especially when those proposals address the same domains those sciences do. In the twentieth century philosophers became a good deal more circumspect about their physical and biological speculations. If philosophy of science has not largely...

This article studies the efficiency of backoff algorithms. The fraction of channel time devoted to successful transmissions is maximized when the stations choose the optimal transmission probability. The binary exponential backoff algorithm does not come close to optimal channel efficiency, thus a new backoff mechanism that attains near-optimal efficiency is proposed. This algorithm is called D...

We propose a new rst-order many-sorted branching-time logical system with equality devoted to support the development of open distributed systems. The inherent characteristics of this family of systems, which ought to be treated in rigorous software development processes, are used throughout the paper to motivate the speci c features of our formalism. We present a solution of the drinking philo...

Determinantal point processes (DPPs) are well-suited for modeling repulsion and have proven useful in many applications where diversity is desired. While DPPs have many appealing properties, such as efficient sampling, learning the parameters of a DPP is still considered a difficult problem due to the non-convex nature of the likelihood function. In this paper, we propose using Bayesian methods...