Phosphorus retention plays a pivotal role in the onset of mineral and bone disorders (MBD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Phosphorus retention commonly occurs as a result of net intestinal absorption exceeding renal excretion or dialysis removal. The dietary phosphorus load is crucial since the early stages of CKD, throughout the whole course of the disease, up to dialysis-dependent end-stage...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Epidemiologic studies show an association between higher predialysis serum phosphorus and increased death risk in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The hypothesis that higher dietary phosphorus intake and higher phosphorus content per gram of dietary protein intake are each associated with increased mortality in MHD patients was examined. DESIGN, SETTING, PART...

The toxicity and estrogenicity of a final treated municipal effluent was examined while flowing through a constructed wetland in north-central Texas, USA. Fish data were collected, and a baseline wetland characterization was performed to assess wetland treatment potential for these effluent properties. Vitellogenin (VTG), gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and secondary sexua...

PURPOSE To investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of lateral carotid artery aneurysms in a canine model and to determine their influence on coils and balloons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty aneurysms were created in fourteen dogs and their hemodynamic characteristics and influence on coils and balloons were evaluated with angiography and color Doppler pre- and postplacement. Twenty aneurys...

Freshwater inflow is an important source of physical variability in estuaries. Effects of water flow are dynamic, and it is impossible to sample all conditions as they vary over space and time. Benthos, however, are fixed in place, continuously sample the overlying water conditions, and demonstrate a variety of consistent responses to multiple sources of stress. Benthic indices of biotic integr...

The efficiency of constructed wetland to treat weak and medium primary sewage effluent was tested under three rates of sewage inflow and two types of growing plants (i.e., leaf cattail and common reed). The capability of the wetland to remove COD, BOD, TSS, TDS and F. coliform from the primary weak sewage increased with decreasing the rate of the sewage inflow from 12 L/hr. to 6L/hr., with litt...

This paper describes a model of dynamic decision making in the Dynamic Stocks and Flows (DSF) task, developed using the ACT-R cognitive architecture. This task is a simple simulation of a water tank in which the water level must be kept constant whilst the inflow and outflow changes at varying rates. The basic functions of the model are based around three steps. Firstly, the model predicts the ...

Due to its high activities in groundwater, the radionuclide 222Rn is a sensitive natural tracer to detect and quantify groundwater inflow into lakes, provided the comparatively low activities in the lakes can be measured accurately. Here we present a simple method for radon measurements in the low-level range down to 3 Bq m−3, appropriate for groundwater-influenced lakes, together with a concep...

Crayfish are nocturnal animals that mainly rely on their chemoreceptors to locate food. On a crayfish scale, chemical stimuli received from a distant source are dispersed by an ambient flow rather than molecular diffusion. When the flow is weak or absent, food searching can be facilitated by currents generated by the animal itself. Crayfish employ their anterior fan organs to produce a variety ...

A 62-year-old woman with a history of lung cancer, prior surgical aortic valve replacement with a 23-mm Hancock (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) porcine valve, and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy supported with a HeartMate II destination therapy left ventricular assist device (LVAD; Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA) presented with hemolytic anemia (hemoglobin, 6.8 g/dL; lactate dehydrogenase, ...