A size- and shape-selective synthesis of pentagonally twinned silver icosahedral nanoparticles (AgIhNPs), one of the five platonic solid morphologies, has been developed by integrating three key factors: nuclei templating by copper, photochemical development using violet LED light and chemical oxidative etching. The presence of copper is essential for AgIhNP shape selection via the promotion of...

A series of cinnamoyl-terminated bolaamphiphiles were synthesized and their assemblies at the air/water interface were investigated. It was found that the assembly behaviour depended on the substituted groups on the cinnamoyl unit. The bolaamphiphile with 4-hydroxycinnamoyl head groups (HCDA) was found to assemble into a supramolecular nanotube, while the others formed only layer-structured fil...

Photochemical mechanisms are a critical module of air quality models. In the past 20 years, several mechanisms have been developed to study the chemistry of the troposphere. This work compares several state-of-the-science photochemical mechanisms (including LCC, CBM-IV, RADM2, EMEP, RACM, SAPRC99, and CACM which have never been compared before in other studies). Concise descriptions of the chem...

The pathways of energy dissipation of excessive absorbed energy in cyanobacteria in comparison with that in higher plants are discussed. Two mechanisms of non-photochemical quenching in cyanobacteria are described. In one case this quenching occurs as light-induced decrease of the fluorescence yield of long-wavelength chlorophylls of the photosystem I trimers induced by inactive reaction center...

Satellite observations show that the 2010 Antarctic ozone hole is characterized by anomalously small amounts of photochemical ozone destruction (40-60% less than the 2005-2009 average). Observations from the MLS instrument show that this is mainly related to reduced photochemical ozone destruction between 20-25 km altitude. Lower down between 15-20 km the atmospheric chemical composition and ph...