The development of methods for completely determining the quantum state of an atom or cavity field @1# continues to be an important issue in atomic physics. For example, in the field of quantum optics, schemes have been recently proposed, based on the Stem-Gerlach effect, for completely determining the quantum state of an atom as a way of fully characterizing the quantized electromagnetic field...

We use holographic methods to show that photons emitted by a strongly coupled plasma subject magnetic field are linearly polarized regardless of their four-momentum, except when they propagate along the direction. The gravitational dual is constructed using 5D truncation 10-dimensional type IIB supergravity, and includes scalar in addition constant one. In terms geometry collision experiment we...

The anomalous $ZZ\gamma$ and $Z\gamma\gamma$ neutral triple gauge couplings occurred by dimension-eight operators are investigated through the process $\mu^+\mu^-\,\rightarrow\,\mu^+\gamma^*\mu^-\,\rightarrow\,\mu^+ Z(\nu\bar{\nu})\mu^-$ at muon collider with $\sqrt{s}=3$, $6$, $10$ $14$ TeV. charged lepton pseudo-rapidity, transverse momentum missing energy distributions taken in consideration...

Quantum data locking is a quantum phenomenon that allows us to encrypt long message with small secret key information-theoretic security. This in sharp contrast classical information theory where, according Shannon, the needs be at least as message. Here we explore photonic architectures for locking, where encoded multi-photon states and processed using multi-mode linear optics photo-detection,...

Background: External beam radiation therapy is often administered to patients implanted with silicone gel breast prosthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of silicone gel breast prosthesis on photon dose distributions. In the event of recurrence, the oncologist may be forced to irradiate through the prosthetic device. To quantify the dose enhancement or reduction below ...

We present an attempt to apply the spectral invariant approach to canopy scattering of a complex forest canopy. Spectral invariant theory describes a method of expressing photon scattering as a function of purely structural properties of the canopy, the so-called photon recollision probability, p – the probability of a scattered photon undergoing further collision rather than escaping the canop...

The effects of linear and two-photon absorption on bright spatial soliton propagation are studied. A spatial soliton switch that achieves gain through the novel mechanism of colliding, dragging, or trapping of two fundamental solitons of different widths is proposed. Figures of merit for use in evaluating the suitability of absorbing nonlinear media for soliton switching applications are presen...

Last two years were very important in history of a photon colliders. This option is included now in conceptual design reports of the NLC, JLC and TESLA/SBLC projects. All the designs foresee two interaction regions: one for ee and the second for γγ, γe and ee collisions. This paper is focused on three aspects: 1) arguments for photon colliders; 2) parameters of current projects; 3) ultimate lum...