Abstract We highlight a recent trend in photonics where integrated photonic chips are designed and operated as programmable devices like the case of electronics. discuss potential application these circuits signal processing.

An optical comparator is an important logic circuit used in digital designs. Photonic crystals are among the platforms for implementing different kinds of gates and circuits, they structures with alternating refractive indices. In this paper, designed simulated based on a square lattice photonic crystal. design comparator, small-sized structure used. The simulation results show that proposed th...

Multibeam interference represents an approach for producing one-, two-, and three-dimensional periodic optical-intensity distributions with submicrometer features and periodicities. Accordingly, interference lithography (IL) has been used in a wide variety of applications, typically requiring additional lithographic steps to modify the periodic interference pattern and create integrated functio...