background: it is estimated that about 370 million people are chronic carriers of hbv worldwide. apparently 3% of iranian populations are chronic carriers of this virus. we aimed to evaluate the viral dna in biological fluids of chronic hepatitis patients compared to a control group. methods: the current case-control study was designed to evaluate the viral dna in biological fluids of 70 chroni...

We investigate physical properties that can be used to distinguish the valley degree of freedom in systems where inversion symmetry is broken, using graphene systems as examples. We show that the pseudospin associated with the valley index of carriers has an intrinsic magnetic moment, in close analogy with the Bohr magneton for the electron spin. There is also a valley dependent Berry phase eff...

The physical foundations of the received models in semiconductor device modeling are reviewed, and their limitations for the simulation of small devices are discussed. The limitations result from non–local effects. These may be classified into classical non–localities, that arise far from equilibrium, and quantum–mechanical non– localities, that result from the wave nature of the charge carrier...

Polaronic theories for charge transport in disordered organic solids, particularly molecularly doped polymers, have been plagued by issues of internal consistency related to the magnitude of physical parameters. We present a natural resolution of the problem by showing that, in the presence of correlated disorder, polaronic carriers with binding energies Delta approximately 50-500 meV and trans...

As the incidence of liver disease in hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) carriers has not been defined and it has been postulated that continuing liver disease is associated with incompetence of the cell-mediated immune system, a prospective study was undertaken to examine both these points. An increased incidence of HAA carriers was found in a prison population (1.3 %). Eighteen of these subjec...

Carriers of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency demonstrate increased secretion of cortisol precursors after ACTH stimulation, suggestive of impaired cortisol production and compensatory increases in hypothalamic CRH secretion. Because both cortisol and CRH have behavioral effects, and hypothalamic CRH hypersecretion has been associated with chronic states of...

the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of polyethylene glycol (peg) molecular weights (6000, 12000 and 20000) as solid dispersion (sd) carriers on the dissolution behavior of simvastatin. sds with various drug : carrier ratios were prepared by solvent method and evaluated for dissolution rate. differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), x-ray diffraction (xrd), infrared spe...

ibuprofen solid dispersions were prepared by the solvent and fusion-solvent methods using polyethylene glycol (peg), polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp), eudragit rs po, eudragit rl po and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (hpmc) as carriers to improve physicochemical characteristics of ibuprofen. the prepared solid dispersions were evaluated for the flowability, solubility characteristics and dissolution be...

one of the most serious kinds of hepatitis is hepatitis b. this condition is more common than aids, and is 100 time more contagious. in iran the most common cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and also hepatocellar carcinoma in adults, is hepatitis b. more than two billion people are infected and more than 350 million of individuals are carriers of this virus in the entire wo...

Chaotic signals typically have broadband spectrum. This property is desirable for applications that require robustness against interference, jamming and low detection probability. Those issues have been addressed by traditional communication systems by using spread spectrum and frequency hopping modulations. In chaos-based communications the broadband chaotic signal is generated at the physical...