today radiology and imaging are the only and main method to generate geometrical data from body. 3d model of the body will give us the best and reliable information for better understanding and diagnostic. on the other hand with development of cad/cam and rapid prototyping, the 3d printers were born to build 3d models without considering the geometry. today the 3d printers are able to makes a 3...

In this work a surgical simulator is produced which enables a training otologist to conduct a virtual, real-time prosthetic insertion. The simulator provides the Ear, Nose and Throat surgeon with real-time visual and haptic responses during virtual cochlear implantation into a 3D model of the human Scala Tympani (ST). The parametric model is derived from measured data as published in the litera...

Bohr's complementarity principle has been challenged by quantum delayed-choice experiments wherein systems are claimed to behave neither as wave nor a particle, but in an intermediary way. However, this conclusion supported retro-inference and with no direct link the system state. Here, we consider framework that employs operational criterion of physical reality diagnosis ontology directly from...

This paper presents a synthesis of robustness evaluation on power RF LDMOS devices and its relation with electrical and physical behaviours after RF life-tests. It is important to understand the physical degradation mechanism effects and the liaison on drifts of critical electrical parameters after life ageing tests, in I-V such as threshold voltage (Vth), the feedback capacitance (Crss) in C-V...

the experimental study and modeling of gravity drainage during water alternative gas injection, wag process, in carbonate rock for one of the iranian off-shore reservoir at lab-scale were carried out. the mechanism of gravity drainage during the wag process, and its contribution to the oil recovery in the fractured carbonate reservoirs were also studied. in the wag process alternatively gas is ...

The development of knee flexion contractures is among the most common problems and complications associated with lengthening the femur with an internal device or external fixator. Conservative treatment strategies include physical therapy, serial casting, and low-load prolonged stretching with commercially available splinting systems. The authors developed an individually molded, low-cost custo...