A study was conducted to examine the method of delivery of a solution containing cellulases and xylanases on the digestion of a forage-based diet. Five ruminally cannulated beef steers (536 kg BW) were randomly assigned to a control (CON) or one of four enzyme treatments in a 5 x 5 Latin square experiment. Steers were fed a 70:30 (DM basis) grass hay:barley diet. Enzyme-treated rations containe...

High litter moisture content, often referred to as wet litter, is a major problem in poultry production. Wet litter is often related to poor management, diseases, and digestive problems. In this experiment, the objective was to study the relationship between nutrient content and the moisture content of the excreta of broilers. A dataset containing 351 observations was built and contained the nu...

Four multiparous Holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square to evaluate whether source of forage influenced salivary secretion during eating in lactating dairy cows. The forages were allocated separately from the pelleted concentrates. Cows were offered 1 of 4 forages each period: barley silage, alfalfa silage, long-stemmed alfalfa hay, or chopped barley straw. Saliva secre...

The main objective of the present study was to apply a slope-based spectral method to both dry and fresh pasture vegetation. Differences in eight spectral ranges were identified across the near infrared-shortwave infrared (NIR-SWIR) that were indicative of changes in chemical properties. Slopes across these ranges were calculated and a partial least squares (PLS) analytical model was constructe...

A meta-analysis was performed to determine the influence of cereal grain type and corn grain harvesting and processing methods, dietary starch, rumen-digestible starch, and forage NDF concentrations on intake, digestion, and lactation performance by dairy cows using a data set comprising 414 treatment means from 102 peer-reviewed journal reports from 2000 to 2011. Categories for corn processing...

The objective of this study was to develop Fourier transformed mid-infrared (MidIR) and near-infrared (NIR) calibrations for acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total nitrogen in triticale, peas, and triticale/pea mixtures. Heterogeneous calibration-validation combinations were also tested for calibration quality. The forage samples were collected from forage plots gr...

Effects of level and frequency of supplementation with alfalfa (A) on feed intake and digestion by steers fed bermudagrass (B) or orchardgrass (O) were determined in two Latin square experiments. In Exp. 1, six Holstein steers (224 kg) were fed B (2.25% N; 71.4% NDF) or O (2.52% N; 64.3% NDF) with 0, 15 or 30% (DM) A (2.70% N; 44.0% NDF). Total DMI was 2.43, 2.72 and 2.85% BW for B and 2.98, 3....

Particle size alterations during neutral detergent fiber (NDF) determination and in situ rumen incubation were analyzed by dry sieving and image analysis to evaluate the in situ procedure for estimation of NDF degradation parameters and indigestible NDF concentration in terms of particle size. Early-cut and late-cut grass silages, corn silage, alfalfa silage, rapeseed meal, and dried distillers...

Six ruminally cannulated steers were used to determine the effects of altering dietary concentrates on fiber digestion. Diets contained 30, 60 or 90% of a concentrate based on flaked sorghum grain plus a 50:50 mixture of wheat straw and alfalfa hay. Total tract digestibility of NDF was not altered, but digestibility of potentially digested NDF (PDF) decreased (P less than .05) from 92 to 48% as...

Three trials were conducted to determine the available energy of different wheat screening varieties collected from different locations of Khorasan in Iran. In experiment 1, chemical composition and the nitrogen corrected true metabolisable energy (TMEn) were evaluated. A precision-fed rooster assay was used, in which, each wheat screening sample was tube fed to adult roosters, and the excreta ...