A collection of 53 antibiotic-producing Streptomyces isolated from soils from Minnesota, Nebraska, and Washington were evaluated for their ability to inhibit plant pathogenic Phytophthora medicaginis and Phytophthora sojae in vitro. Eight isolates having the greatest pathogen-inhibitory capabilities were subsequently tested for their ability to control Phytophthora root rots on alfalfa and soyb...

Pseudomonas isolates from different crop plants were screened for in vitro growth inhibition of Phytophthora capsici and production of biosurfactant. Two in vivo experiments were performed to determine the efficacy of selected Pseudomonas strains against Phytophthora blight of pepper by comparing two fungicide treatments [acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and ASM + mefenoxam]. Bacterial isolates were ...

This issue of Mycological Research News features : Fungi from coral reefs : a commentary. An obituary of Meinhard M. Moser (1924–2002), doyen of European agaricologists and a Centenary Fellow of the British Mycological Society, is also presented. Molecular papers in this part include the characterization of an a-L-arabinofuranosidase gene in Penicillium, the proteomomics of development in a Phy...

The online community resource Phytophthora database (PD) was developed to support accurate and rapid identification of Phytophthora and to help characterize and catalog the diversity and evolutionary relationships within the genus. Since its release in 2008, the sequence database has grown to cover 1 to 12 loci for ≈2,600 isolates (representing 138 described and provisional species). Sequences ...

Phytophthora blight of pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian is a destructive disease throughout the world. Cuminic acid, extracted from the seed of Cuminum cyminum L., belongs to the benzoic acid chemical class. In this study, the sensitivity and biochemical response of P. capsici to cuminic acid was determined. The mean EC50 (50% effective concentration) values for cuminic acid in inh...

Oomycete pathogens produce a large number of effectors to promote infection. Their mode of action are largely unknown. Here we show that a Phytophthora sojae effector, PsCRN63, suppresses flg22-induced expression of FRK1 gene, a molecular marker in pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI). However, PsCRN63 does not suppress upstream signaling events including flg22...

Phvytophthora megakarya is a devastating oomycete pathogen that causes black pod disease in cacao. Phytophthora species produce a protein that has a similar sequence to the necrosis and ethylene inducing protein (Nep1) of Fusarium oxysporum. Multiple copies of NEP1 orthologs (PmegNEP) have been identified in P. megakarya and four other Phytophthora species (P. citrophthora, P. capsici, P. palmi...

A beta-glucan isolated from the mycelial walls of Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae and a glucan purified from yeast extract stimulate the accumulation of phytoalexins in red kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, and stimulate the accumulation of the phytoalexin, rishitin, in potato tubers, Solanum tuberosum. These glucans have previously been shown to be potent elicitors of glyceollin accumulation...

Infections of plants by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans typically result from zoospores, which develop from sporangia at cold temperatures. To help understand the relevant cold-induced signaling pathway, factors regulating the transcription of the zoosporogenesis-specific NIF (nuclear LIM-interactor-interacting factor) gene family were examined. Sequences required for inducing PinifC3 were ...

Phytophthora is a genus comprising upwards of 100 species. The most recent phylogeny of the genus was inferred from seven nuclear genes (Blair et al., 2008) and was subdivided into 10 well-defined clades that are concordant with the morphology-based Waterhouse criteria (Waterhouse, 1963; Kroon, 2010). The description of new species in this genus has traditionally been based on morphological cha...