We investigated an electronic portal image device (EPID)-based method to see whether it provides effective and accurate relative dose measurement at abutment leaves in terms of positional errors of the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf position. A Siemens ONCOR machine was used. For the garden fence test, a rectangular field (0.2 20 cm) was sequentially irradiated 11 times at 2-cm intervals. Dev...

The project considers the notion of ‘boundary space’ as a link between different thematic-behavioural states human beings, which initiates process learning in dialogue with nature.

the reciprocal degree distance (rdd)‎, ‎defined for a connected graph $g$ as vertex-degree-weighted sum of the reciprocal distances‎, ‎that is‎, ‎$rdd(g) =sumlimits_{u,vin v(g)}frac{d_g(u)‎ + ‎d_g(v)}{d_g(u,v)}.$ the reciprocal degree distance is a weight version of the harary index‎, ‎just as the degree distance is a weight version of the wiener index‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we present exact formu...

Traditional language processing tools constrain language designers to specific kinds of grammars. In contrast, model-based language processing tools decouple language design from language processing. These tools allow the occurrence of lexical and syntactic ambiguities in language specifications and the declarative specification of constraints for resolving them. As a result, these techniques r...

Keamanan data pemasok merupakan aspek penting dalam era digitalisasi yang semakin maju, khususnya lingkungan ekonomi dan bisnis. Salah satu solusi dapat digunakan untuk mengamankan adalah melalui kriptografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi penggunaan salah algoritma kriptografi, yaitu transposisi Rail Fence pemasok. menggunakan pendekatan eksperimental dengan melakukan simulasi penera...

The nuclear envelope forms a cocoon that surrounds the cellular genome keeping it out of harm's way and can be utilized by the cell as a means of functionally regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. At the same time, this double-layered membrane system constitutes a formidable obstacle to the unimpeded flow of genetic information between the genome and the rest of the cell. The nucl...

Bacteria lack many of the features that eukaryotic cells use to compartmentalize cytoplasm and membranes. In this issue, Schlimpert et al. describe a new mechanism of spatial confinment in the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus that prevents the exchange of soluble and membrane proteins between the stalk and cell body.

It is generally accepted that the study of acoustic signals in the atmosphere requires suppression of noise due to atmospheric turbulence. Most acoustic signals of interest arrive with longer spatial wavelengths than the noise that originates near the receiver. As a result, integration of acoustic energy across an area will attenuate spatially de-correlated noise and increase the signal-to-nois...