certain gases, principally oxygen,o , and carbon dioxide, co , dissolved in water accelerate its corrosive properties. the rate of corrosion is approximately in prportion to the quantity of gas dissolved. the removal of gases from water, as practiced in steam station, is effected by mechanical and thermal treatment , by addition of chemicals, or by combinations of these processes, the most wide...

For the purpose of probabilistic fracture mechanics estimation in field reliability analysis pressure vessels and piping, a method by using SINTAP (Structural INTegrity Assessment Procedures for European Industry) is developed. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) applied to investigate influence both uncertainties random parameters inspection strategies on failure probability (FP). A sensitivity with ...

In delta areas the land is protected from floods and high tides by dikes. In general these are constructed of impervious clays and built on a sandy aquifer as subsoil. Such structures are vulnerable to an erosion effect called piping. The actual word 'piping' refers to the development of shallow channels in the sand below the dike, which begins at the downstream side of the structure. Here ofte...

Detonation waves in gas-filled piping or tubing pose special challenges in analysis and prediction of structural response. The challenges arise due the nature of the detonation process and the role of fluid-structure interaction in determining the propagation and arrest of fractures. Over the past ten years, our laboratory has been engaged in studying this problem and developing methodologies f...

Background: Water distribution networks (WDNs) are facilities that require massive investment and their optimization is very important. This study aimed to optimization and development of models for promoting WDNs with using engineering judgment. In this method, instead of controlling all system states, it is possible to search the optimal set of options based on engineering judgment and hydra...