SUMMARY The oharaoteristics of a 60' apex angle cone for measuring local Maoh number, total pressure, and flow directions have been determined at Mach numbers of 2.47, 3.25, 3.97 and 4.32 at angles of pitch up to 29'.

Abstract As the fundamental physical process with many astrophysical implications, diffusion of cosmic rays (CRs) is determined by their interaction magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We consider magnetic mirroring effect arising from MHD turbulence on CRs. Due to intrinsic superdiffusion turbulent fields, CRs large pitch angles that undergo mirror reflection, i.e., bouncing CRs, are not tra...

Vision is a key sensory modality for flying insects, playing an important role in guidance, navigation and control. Here, we use a virtual-reality flight simulator to measure the optomotor responses of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, and use a published linear-time invariant model of the flight dynamics to interpret the function of the measured responses in flight stabilization and control. We reco...

One of the disadvantages in Connection of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) to transmission networks is plentiful turbulence of wind speed. Therefore effects of this problem must be controlled. owadays, pitch-controlled WECSs are increasingly used for variable speed and pitch wind turbines. Megawatt class wind turbines generally turn at variable speed in wind farm. Thus turbine operation m...

We have investigated the mobility of discoidal colloidal particles sedimenting within cholesteric finger textures formed by mixtures of the nematic liquid crystal 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) and the chiral dopant 4-(2-methylbutyl)-4'-cyanobiphenyl (CB15) with cholesteric pitch p between 24 and 114 μm. The nickel disks, with radius 17 μm and thickness 300 nm, displayed varied transport behav...

The physics of wound and unwound strings on the electric guitar are presented here, and the pitch intervals produced by the movements of a Fender Stratocaster tremolo unit are explained. Predicted changes in pitch sensitivity of different strings are given, and experimentally verified, for changes in saddle height, the distance of string free to move behind the nut and ratio of diameters/masses...

A new approach to gain scheduling the classical \three-loop" autopilot structure is discussed for both the single-axis (pitch) case and the three-axis case. Simulation results in the single-axis case show that the new gain scheduled controller yields better performance than a traditional approach. Analysis of the three-axis case indicates an even greater potential for performance improvement wi...

Bacteria have remarkably robust cell shape control mechanisms. For example, cell diameter only varies by a few percent across a population. MreB is necessary for establishment and maintenance of rod shape although the mechanism of shape control remains unknown. We perturbed MreB in two complimentary ways to produce steady-state cell diameters over a wide range, from 790±30 nm to 1700±20 nm. To ...

This paper suggests two methods to calculate the gains of a proportional-Integral pitch angle controller for a 5 MW wind turbine. The first method is analytical and the second one is based on simulation. Firstly, the power coefficient characteristics for different pitch angles are calculated. Secondly, the output powers vs. rotor speed curves from cut-in to cut-out wind speeds are simulated. Th...