Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan (TDO) are key enzymes for (Trp) degradation in the placenta, that is crucial immune tolerance during pregnancy. Intrauterine renin-angiotensin system also involved progression of a healthy Angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) inhibits pro-inflammatory actions Ang II, maintaining integrity fetal membranes. Since correlation between Trp catabolism intrauterine ...

BACKGROUND Pregnant women with breast cancer present with a more advanced disease compared with non-pregnant women. Nevertheless, breast cancer metastasis to the placenta is rare. Trophoblast/tumor implantations share the same biochemical mediators, while only the first is stringently controlled. We hypothesized that the same mechanisms that affect/restrain placental implantation may inhibit me...

In the first trimester the extravillous cytotrophoblast cells occlude the uterine spiral arterioles creating a low oxygen environment early in pregnancy, which is essential for pregnancy success. Paradoxically, shallow trophoblast invasion and defective vascular remodelling of the uterine spiral arteries in the first trimester may result in impaired placental perfusion and chronic placental isc...

We evaluated the role of placental protein 13 (PP13; galectin 13) in the process of trophoblast invasion and decidual necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis for PP13, immune cells, human placental lactogen, cytokeratin, and apoptosis markers was performed on 20 elective pregnancy termination specimens between 6 and 15 weeks of gestation. Placental protein 13 was localized to syncytiotrophoblast...

Angiogenesis is one of the main processes that coordinate biological events leading to a successful pregnancy, and its imbalance characterizes several pregnancy-related diseases, including preeclampsia. Intracellular interactions via extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute pregnancy’s physiology pathophysiology, fetal–maternal interaction. The present review outlines implications EV-mediated cr...